Introduction to Gambia (2023)

With Gilad James, Dr

ArticleWithGilad James Mystery School

Entrance

The Gambia is one of the smallest countries in Africa, located on the west coast of the continent. It is a country with a rich history and culture, shaped by centuries of trade, colonization and immigration. In this article, we will analyze the history of The Gambia, from pre-colonial times to the present, in order to better understand this fascinating country.

Pre-colonial history

The Gambia has a long and fascinating history that stretches back thousands of years. The area is believed to have been originally inhabited by hunter-gatherers who were later replaced by farming communities. The first known civilization in the region was the Ghana Empire, which arose in the 6th century AD. The Ghana Empire was a powerful state that controlled much of West Africa, including The Gambia.

After the fall of the Ghanaian Empire, The Gambia was ruled by a number of smaller states, including the Mandinka, Wolof and Fula. These states were constantly at war with each other and it was at this time that Islam was introduced to the region. Islam spread quickly throughout The Gambia, with the first mosque built in the 10th century.

Colonial history

European explorers first visited The Gambia in the 15th century when the Portuguese discovered the mouth of the Gambia River. They named the river Rio Gambia and established a trading post at St. Jacob. The Portuguese were followed by other European powers, including the Dutch, French and British.

In 1661, the British established a permanent settlement on the island of St. James, which they renamed James Island. The island was used as a trading post for slaves and it is estimated that more than 30,000 slaves were transported from Gambia to America during the slave trade. The British also established a naval base at Bathurst (now Banjul), which became the capital of The Gambia.

The Gambia became a British colony in 1888 and was governed by a governor appointed by the colonial office in London. The British established a system of indirect rule where they relied on traditional rulers to run the country. This system allowed the British to maintain control of the colony by minimizing their own involvement in local affairs.

Postcolonial history

The Gambia gained independence from Britain in 1965 and became a republic in 1970. The first president of The Gambia was Sir Dawda Jawara, who was a member of the ruling People's Progressive Party (PPP). Under Jawara's leadership, The Gambia became a major player in the international community and developed close ties with the United States and other Western countries.

However, Jawara's government was criticized for corruption and authoritarianism, and in 1994 The Gambia was seized by a military coup under Yahya Jammeh. Jammeh ruled the country for 22 years and was known for his repressive tactics and human rights abuses. He was overthrown in a peaceful election in 2016 and the current president of The Gambia is Adama Barrow.

Application

The Gambia is a country with a rich and complex history shaped by centuries of trade, colonization and immigration. From ancient civilizations to its colonial past, The Gambia has been shaped by a variety of influences, both internal and external. The country's recent history has been marked by political instability and human rights abuses, but with the election of Adama Barrow in 2016, there was hope that The Gambia could move towards a more peaceful and democratic future.

Entrance

The Gambia is a small West African country located on the Atlantic coast, surrounded by Senegal to the north, south and east, making the country an enclave. The country is divided by the Gambia River, which is the main body of water that flows from the Atlantic Ocean through Senegal into The Gambia. The Gambia is the smallest country in Africa, with an area of ​​10,380 square kilometers and a population of about 2.3 million people. The article examines the geography of The Gambia, including its natural and human features, demographics, and economic activities.

Physical geography

The Gambia is a narrow country that stretches for about 322 km from north to south and 48 km from east to west. The country has a coastline of 80 kilometers along the Atlantic Ocean. The Gambia River flows from Senegal and meanders toward the Atlantic Ocean, dividing the country into two roughly equal halves: the North Bank and the South Bank. The northern coast is characterized by low plains, while the southern coast is characterized by rolling hills and savanna grasslands. The country also has several islands along the coast, including Banjul Island, where the capital Banjul is located.

The Gambia's climate is tropical, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season lasts from June to October and is characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity. During this time, the country's rivers and streams swell, providing plenty of water for agriculture and fishing. The dry season lasts from November to May and is characterized by high temperatures and low humidity. This season is ideal for tourism, with lots of sunshine and little to no rainfall. The average temperature in The Gambia ranges from 20°C to 30°C, making it a hot and humid country.

The Gambia River is one of the most important features of the country's geography. The river is about 1,130 km long and its source is in the Fouta Djallon highlands in Guinea, West Africa. The Gambia River drains a significant amount of water into the Atlantic Ocean, making it one of the most important rivers in the region. The river provides opportunities for fishing, transportation and irrigation for agriculture.

Anthropography

The Gambia has a population of approximately 2.3 million, with more than seventy ethnic groups inhabiting the country. More than 90% of the population lives in rural areas and the capital, Banjul and Kombo St. Maria is the areas with the highest population density. The official language of The Gambia is English, but many regional languages ​​are spoken, including Mandinka, Wolof and Fula.

The Gambia has a relatively young population, with more than half of its residents under the age of 30. The population is predominantly Muslim and over 90% of the population are Muslim. Christianity and indigenous beliefs are also practiced in the country.

Economic geography

Agriculture is the backbone of the Gambia's economy, with more than three-quarters of the population engaged in agricultural activities. The Gambia's most important crop is peanuts, which account for more than half of the country's agricultural GDP. Other important crops are rice, millet, sorghum and cassava. The country's fertile soils, abundant rainfall and proximity to the Gambia River make it an ideal place for agriculture.

The Gambia's main trading partners are the European Union and Senegal. The country exports peanuts, fish and petroleum products, while imports include food products, machinery and petroleum. The Gambia is part of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which promotes regional trade and economic integration.

Tourism is also an important sector of the Gambian economy. The country's warm climate, beautiful beaches and rich culture attract tourists from all over the world. The tourism sector accounts for more than ten percent of the country's GDP and provides employment opportunities to thousands of people across the country.

Application

Overall, The Gambia is a small West African country with a rich geography. The country is characterized by the Gambia River, which divides it into two halves, and a tropical climate with two distinct seasons - rainy and dry. The social geography of The Gambia includes more than seventy ethnic groups, a young population and a predominantly Muslim population. The country's economy is mainly driven by agriculture, with peanuts being the most important crop, and tourism, which provides employment opportunities for a large part of the population. Gambia's small size and unique features make it an interesting and exciting country to explore.

Entrance:

The Gambia is one of the smallest countries in Africa, with an area of ​​only about 11,295 square kilometers. The country's location on the western tip of Africa along the Atlantic Ocean makes it vulnerable to the effects of global climate change. The country's climate is tropical, with two distinct seasons, a rainy season and a dry season. The rainy season is usually from June to October and the dry season is from November to May. In this article, we will look at the climate of The Gambia and the factors that affect it, as well as the impact of climate change on the country.

Factors affecting the climate of The Gambia:

The Gambia's climate is influenced by various factors such as latitude, altitude, atmospheric pressure, ocean currents and prevailing winds. The country is located between 13° and 14° north latitude from the equator, making it a tropical region. The elevation of The Gambia is relatively low, with the highest point only 53 meters above sea level. This low elevation makes the country vulnerable to coastal flooding in the event of sea level rise. The country's climate is also affected by atmospheric pressure, which determines the intensity and frequency of rainfall.

Monsoon winds and ocean currents also play an important role in shaping The Gambia's climate. The dominant wind pattern that affects the country's weather is the West African monsoon. This wind pattern blows from the Atlantic Ocean and brings moisture to the country, leading to the rainy season, which usually begins around June. The intensity of monsoons, however, is unpredictable, leading to changes in rainfall patterns.

Climate change in The Gambia:

Like most African countries, The Gambia is vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and rising sea levels. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that the West African region will experience a temperature increase of 1.5°C to 3.0°C by the end of the century. Rising temperatures will lead to accelerated evaporation and drying of soils, which in turn will lead to reduced yields and reduced vegetation.

Changing rainfall patterns will also affect the Gambia's agricultural sector, which forms the backbone of the country's economy. For example, the increasing unpredictability of rainfall can lead to crop desiccation during the growing season, ultimately leading to widespread famine. Unpredictable rainfall patterns will also affect the country's water supply, leading to water shortages in some areas.

Another major impact of climate change on The Gambia is sea level rise. The country's low-lying location makes it prone to flooding, especially in coastal areas. According to research by the United Nations Development Programme, a 30cm rise in sea levels could lead to the loss of up to half of Gambia's agricultural land, as well as the destruction of homes and infrastructure.

Adaptive strategies:

To mitigate the effects of climate change, The Gambia has implemented several adaptation strategies. One strategy is to build sea defenses such as barbed wire and breakwaters to protect against flooding. The government is also working with international organizations to develop long-term adaptation strategies, such as reforestation, increasing crop diversity and implementing watershed management strategies.

The Gambia also implements rainwater harvesting strategies to address water shortages during the dry season. Rainwater harvesting is the collection of rainwater and its storage for use during the dry season. The government is also promoting the use of drought-resistant crops to ensure food security during the dry season.

Application:

The Gambia's climate is tropical, with two seasons, a rainy season and a dry season. Various factors affect the climate of a country, such as latitude, altitude, atmospheric pressure, ocean currents and prevailing winds. A changing climate continues to affect The Gambia, especially through decreasing rainfall, rising temperatures and rising sea levels. Such changes pose a huge threat to agricultural productivity in the country, causing food shortages and threatening lives and property due to coastal flooding. Effective mitigation measures require a multifaceted approach, including building coastal defenses, managing watersheds, growing drought-tolerant crops, and harvesting rainwater. Sustainable adaptation strategies will help the country protect itself from these threats without adversely affecting the well-being of future generations.

Entrance:

The Gambia is a small country located in West Africa with a total population of 2.28 million. The country is surrounded on three sides by Senegal and has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. The Gambia is a developing country that faces many challenges such as poverty, unemployment and high levels of disease. As a result, the country's population faces many challenges in terms of health, education and economic development. In this article, we will look at the population of The Gambia and how it relates to the country's social, economic and political systems.

Population dynamics:

The Gambia's population dynamics are complex and multifaceted. The country has experienced significant population growth in recent decades, with the population growing from 800,000 in the 1980s to over 2.28 million today. This increase is due to a combination of high fertility rates, better health care and increased life expectancy. However, this growth has also strained the country's resources and infrastructure.

The Gambia's population is relatively young, with 60% of the population under the age of 25. These young people represent both an opportunity and a challenge for the country. On the one hand, the Gambian youth is a potential source of future economic growth and development. On the other hand, a high youth population also means increased pressure on education and social services.

There are also significant regional differences in population dynamics in The Gambia. For example, urban areas tend to have higher population densities and growth rates than rural areas. This trend results from the migration of people from the countryside to the cities in search of better economic opportunities. This migration has strained urban infrastructure, leading to problems such as overcrowding, housing shortages and inadequate access to basic services.

Socio-economic development:

The people of Gambia face major challenges in terms of socio-economic development. The country is classified as a low-income country with an estimated poverty rate of over 48%. Most of the population relies on subsistence agriculture as their main source of income, which makes them vulnerable to climate fluctuations and food insecurity. In addition, economic growth has been slow in recent years due to political instability, poor infrastructure and a lack of foreign investment.

Gambians also suffer from high levels of unemployment, especially among the youth. This situation exacerbates the problem of poverty in the country and affects the population's ability to access basic services such as health care, education and housing. In addition, The Gambia's health care system is underdeveloped and many residents have limited access to high-quality medical care.

Education is another area where Gambians face major challenges. The country has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world, with just over half of the population able to read and write. Lack of access to high-quality education particularly affects girls, who are often unable to attend school for cultural and economic reasons. This lack of education perpetuates the cycle of poverty and limits the country's development.

Political system:

The Gambian people also face major challenges in terms of the political system. Until 2016, the country was ruled by Yahya Jammeh, a dictator who ruled the country for more than two decades. During his rule, Jammeh silenced the voices of the opposition, suppressed political dissent and committed widespread human rights abuses. The political climate in The Gambia was volatile and unpredictable, with little respect for the rule of law.

However, in December 2016, Jammeh was removed from office in a democratic election and Adama Barrow was elected as the new president. The change in leadership brought hope to Gambians for health, education and economic reforms. However, the challenges facing the Gambian people in socio-economic development and access to basic services remain significant.

Application:

Gambians face major challenges in terms of socio-economic development, access to quality healthcare and education, and political instability. The country's population dynamics, including high fertility rates, young population and regional disparities, also present significant challenges. However, the recent democratic transition in The Gambia offers hope for the country's future. With appropriate policy interventions, the country has the potential to realize its economic, social and political potential and improve the lives of its population.

1. What is the capital of Gambia?
A. The band
B. Nairobi
G. Johannesburg
D. Extremities

2. Which country completely surrounds The Gambia?
Senegal
North Guinea
C. Small
D. Ghana

3. What is the official language of The Gambia?
English
B. French
C. Portuguese
D. Spanish

4. What is the currency of Gambia?
A. Frank Gambia
B. Gambian Dollar
C. Gambian pound
D. Dalasi z Gambii

5. What is the largest ethnicity in The Gambia?
A. Madinka
B. Fula
C. Wolof
Mr. Jola

6. What is the main religion in The Gambia?
Christianity
B. Hinduism
C. Islam
D. Buddhism

7. What is the name of the river that flows through the Gambia?
A. Congo River
B. Zero
C. Niger River
D. Gambia River

8. Which European country colonized the Gambia?
A. Spain
B. France
C. Portugal
D. United Kingdom

9. What is the name of the national park in Gambia that is famous for its birds?
A. Kafue National Park
B. Kruger National Park
C. Serengeti National Park
D. Abuko Nature Reserve

10. Which former Gambian president was in power from 1994 to 2017?
Α. Yahya Jammeh
B. Adama Barrowa
C. Dawda Jawara
D. Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara

Answers:
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. D
5.A
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. D
10 A

Entrance

The Gambia is a small country located in West Africa. It is a diverse nation with a population of about 2.3 million people belonging to different ethnic groups and speaking different languages. In this article, we will discuss the different languages ​​spoken in The Gambia, their origins and what they mean to Gambians.

Record

The official language of The Gambia is English, which is used in administration, education and business. However, English is not the first language of most Gambians. According to the CIA's World Factbook, more than 10 languages ​​are spoken in The Gambia, but among the indigenous languages, Wolof, Mandinka and Fula are the most widely spoken. Wolof is spoken by about 40% of Gambians while Mandinka and Fula are spoken by about 16% of the population.

Wolof language

Wolof is a Nigerian-Congo language belonging to the Atlantic-Congo family. It is spoken in many West African countries such as Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania. Wolof is a tonal language, meaning that the tone of a word can change its meaning. It has four tones: low, medium, high and rising. Some examples of Wolof words are: "salaam" (hello), "ndankaaru" (town) and "jamm" (peace).

Wolof is the most widely spoken language in The Gambia and is spoken by people from different ethnic groups. It is used in informal situations such as shopping, public transport and everyday conversation. Wolof is also spoken in schools where it is taught as a second language.

Mandinka language

Mandinka is a Mande language spoken in many West African countries such as Gambia, Senegal, Guinea and Mali. It is one of the most widely spoken indigenous languages ​​in West Africa, with a total of about 11 million speakers. Mandinka is also a tonal language, with three tones: high, medium and low. Some examples of Mandinka words are: "salamaleikum" (hello), "finna" (rice) and "sanno" (sugar).

In The Gambia, Mandinka is spoken mainly in the central and eastern regions of the country. It is the second most spoken language after Wolof. Like Wolof, it is used in informal situations and is also taught in schools.

Fula language

Fula, also known as Fulani or Pulaar, is a Niger-Congo language spoken in many African countries including Senegal, Mali, Guinea and Nigeria. It is a non-tonal language, meaning that the tone of a word does not change its meaning. Fula has many dialects, but the most widely spoken dialect in The Gambia is Pulaar. Some examples of Fula words are: "jam" (hello), "wadi" (water) and "yiraande" (friend).

Fula is the third most spoken language in The Gambia, spoken by about 16% of the population. It is spoken mainly in the eastern regions of the country, but is also spoken by some in the central region. Like Wolof and Mandinka, it is used in informal situations and is taught in schools as a second language.

Other languages

In addition to the three main languages, many other languages ​​are spoken in The Gambia. These include Serer, Jola and Manjak. Serer is a Nigerian-Congo language spoken mainly in the western region of the country. Jola and Manjak are Bantu languages ​​spoken mainly in the southern region of the country. These languages ​​are spoken by smaller populations, but are still meaningful to the people who speak them.

Importance of languages ​​in the Gambia

Languages ​​in The Gambia play an important role in the daily lives of its people. They are a means of communication and a way of expressing their culture and identity. For many Gambians, their mother tongue is a source of pride and a way of distinguishing themselves from others.

Languages ​​also play a role in education and the economy. In schools, students are taught in English, but they also learn a second language, which may be Wolof, Mandinka or Fulla. This is important for students who come from homes where the first language is not English. It provides instruction in a language they understand and helps bridge the gap between the mother tongue and the official language.

In the economy, languages ​​also play a role in trade and business. In informal situations such as markets, traders use their native language to communicate with each other and with customers. This helps facilitate transactions and ensures that everyone understands what is being sold and what is being bought.

Application

The languages ​​in The Gambia are diverse and important to the people who speak them. They play a role in everyday life, education and the economy. While the official language is English, the native languages ​​Wolof, Mandinka and Fulla are widely spoken and used in informal situations. Other languages ​​such as Serer, Jola and Manjak are also spoken by smaller populations. The importance of languages ​​in The Gambia cannot be understated as they are a means of communication, identity and pride for the people who speak them.

Entrance:

The Gambia is a Muslim-majority country, with a Muslim population making up over 95% of the country's population. This religious preference is not surprising given that The Gambia is located in West Africa, which has a long history of Islamic influence. However, the nation also has a significant Christian minority, making it a religiously diverse nation. In this essay, we will explore the role of religion in Gambian society, its history and influence.

Gambia Overview:

The Gambia is a small country on the west coast of Africa, surrounded on three sides by Senegal and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The nation covers 10,689 square kilometers and has a population of approximately two million people. The Gambia is primarily a rural country with over 50% of the population living in rural areas. The country's economy is largely agricultural, with peanuts and cashews being the main crops. In addition, The Gambia derives much of its revenue from tourism, which relies heavily on its beautiful beaches and history, with the Gambia River running through the country.

History of Gambia:

The Gambia has a rich history dating back to pre-colonial times. The area now known as The Gambia was inhabited by various ethnic groups, including the Mandinka, Fula, Wollof and Jola peoples. These groups traded with European traders and interacted with North African Muslims, which brought Islam to the country. Portuguese traders were the first Europeans to visit The Gambia in the 15th century, followed by other colonial powers including the British, Dutch and French.

The British dominated the region from the 17th century, establishing the Gambia River as an important slave trade route. However, this economic activity ceased after the passage of the Anti-Slavery Acts in the early 19th century. After independence in 1965, The Gambia became a republic and joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a group of former British colonies.

Religion in Gambia:

Religion in The Gambia plays an important role in the nation's society and culture, with Islam being the dominant religion. Muslims make up over 95% of the population, most of whom follow Sunni Islam. The Gambia also has a significant Christian minority that makes up about 4% of the population, with the majority of these Christians being Roman Catholic. The rest follow various Christian denominations such as Anglicans, Methodists, Baptists and Seventh Day Adventists.

Islam with Gabi:

Islam was introduced to The Gambia by traders from North Africa and the Sahel and soon became the dominant religion in the region. Religion has shaped the culture, economy and politics of the entire nation, with more than 95% of the Gambian population professing it. Islam was woven into the social fabric of the country, playing an important role in marriage, family life and funerals.

Islam in The Gambia is widely practiced through five pillars, namely faith (Shahada), prayer (Salat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), almsgiving (Zakat) and Hajj (Hajj) to Mecca. The Gambia's Islamic architecture and art have been heavily influenced by Arabic and North African styles, with mosques and Koranic schools playing a key role in the religious life of the population.

Over the years, various Islamic schools of thought have been introduced into The Gambia, with most Gambian Muslims following the Hanafi or Maliki schools of law. In recent years, Sufi Islam has become a popular form of Islam in The Gambia, with many Muslims belonging to various Sufi brotherhoods.

A notable Sufi order in the Gambia is the Tihanyya brotherhood, said to have originated in Morocco in the 18th century. The Brotherhood established itself in The Gambia and became one of the most popular Islamic sects in the country. The Brotherhood offers a mystical and personal interpretation of Islam that is rooted in devotion to God and emphasizes spiritual purification.

Christianity in The Gambia:

Christianity is a minority religion in The Gambia, about 4% of the population. The majority of Gambian Christians belong to the Roman Catholic Church, with other Christian denominations making up the remainder of the Christian population.

Christianity was introduced to The Gambia during the colonial era, mainly through missionary work. The missionaries established churches and schools, which played an important role in the education of Gambians. Over time, Christianity became integrated into Gambian culture and many aspects of Christian celebrations such as Christmas, Easter and All Saints Day are celebrated throughout the country.

The Role of Religion in Gambian Society:

Religion plays an important role in Gambian society, with Islam and Christianity contributing to the social, cultural and economic life of the nation. Religion helped shape the Gambian value system and provided the basis for social organization and harmony.

The important role of religion in Gambian society is its contribution to social services such as health and education. Many religious organizations have established schools, clinics and hospitals across the country, providing essential services in rural areas where government services are limited. Religious institutions also provide humanitarian services, such as food and shelter, during natural disasters and emergencies.

Religion has also facilitated social cohesion in The Gambia, where Islamist and Christian leaders play a key role in times of conflict and crisis, such as inter-communal disputes. Religious leaders were able to mediate and resolve conflicts, restoring peace and harmony to the country.

The Influence of Religion on Politics in The Gambia:

Religion in The Gambia has had a significant influence on politics, with the majority of the population being Muslim. Islam has been a major force in the country's politics, with many Islamic leaders and organizations playing a key role in shaping the political landscape.

During the presidency of Yahya Jammeh, who was in power from 1994 to 2017, Islamic leaders influenced his administration, with many serving as advisers and policy makers. Jammeh, who was also a Muslim, used religion as a tool to mobilize support, presenting himself as a defender of Islam and Muslim values.

However, since his overthrow in 2017, religion in The Gambia seems to have taken a back seat in the political landscape. The new president, Adama Barrow, who was elected in December 2016, has pledged to promote unity and inclusion by building a secular state that respects the rights of all religious groups.

Application:

The Gambia is a religiously diverse country where Islam is the dominant religion and Christianity is the minority religion. Religion plays an important role in the social, cultural and economic life of the country, and Islamic and Christian institutions provide essential services to the population. Religion has also influenced the political landscape of The Gambia and Islam has been an important factor in the past. However, after the election of President Adam Barrow, the country appears to be moving towards building a secular state that will include all religious groups.

Entrance:

The Gambia is a country located on the west coast of Africa. It is the smallest country on the African continent, surrounded on all sides by Senegal, except to the west, which borders the Atlantic Ocean. The population is about 2.2 million and most people are of Mandinka or Wolof ethnicity. The country's official language is English, but many Gambians also speak regional languages ​​such as Mandinka, Wolof and Fula.

The Gambia is famous for its rich cultural heritage, which is reflected in its traditional customs. These customs have been passed down from generation to generation and are still practiced by many Gambians. In this article, we will look at some of the traditional Gambian customs and what they mean to Gambians.

Birth and naming customs:

In Gambian culture, the birth of a child is considered a special occasion. The birth of a male child is especially celebrated as it is believed that he will grow up to be the breadwinner and protector of his family. When a baby is born, a naming ceremony takes place on the eighth day. The purpose of the naming ceremony is to give the child its name.

During the naming ceremony, the baby is bathed with water blessed by the Imam (Muslim religious leader). The child's father or respected elder whispers the child's name into the child's ear. It is believed that this will help the child remember his name later in life. After the ceremony, there is a celebration to celebrate the birth of a child.

Wedding Customs:

Marriage is considered an important part of Gambian culture. It is a union not only of two individuals, but also of two families. Traditionally, marriages in The Gambia were arranged by the parents of the bride and groom. However, this practice is not as widespread today as many young Gambians now choose their partners.

A wedding ceremony in The Gambia is usually a colorful and festive event in which the entire community participates. The bride and groom are dressed in traditional costumes and are accompanied by musicians and dancers. The ceremony usually takes place in a mosque or church, depending on the faith of the couple.

The ceremony is followed by a reception, which is usually held at the home of the bride's family. Guests are served a variety of traditional foods and drinks, usually accompanied by music and dancing.

Customs related to death and mourning:

Death is considered a natural part of life in Gambian culture. When someone dies, the family and community come together to mourn the loss. In some cases, the mourning period can last up to a year.

During the mourning period, the family of the deceased wears white robes as a symbol of mourning. They are also accepting condolences from friends and family. The funeral ceremony usually takes place within 24 hours of death and the body is buried in the cemetery.

After the funeral, there is usually a gathering of family and friends where food and drink are served. This gathering is called "jammeh", which means "meet" in the Wolof language. The purpose of jammeh is to express gratitude for the life of the deceased and comfort the family.

Religious customs:

The Gambia is a Muslim majority country with approximately 90% of the population being Muslim. Therefore, Islamic customs are an important part of Gambian culture. Friday is a holiday in Islam and is observed as a day of rest and prayer in The Gambia.

Ramadan is also an important religious holiday in The Gambia. During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk for 30 days. The end of Ramadan is celebrated with a holiday called Eid al-Fitr, which is a time of feasting and giving gifts to family and friends.

Initiation customs:

Initiation ceremonies are an important part of Gambian culture. These are rituals that mark the transition of a person from one stage of life to another. One of the most important initiation rites in the Gambia is circumcision.

Circumcision is usually performed on boys between the ages of eight and sixteen. The circumcision ceremony is an important event in which the whole community participates. The boys are taken to a special place in the bush where they are circumcised. After circumcision, the boys are kept in isolation for several weeks during which they learn their responsibilities as men.

Music and dance habits:

Music and dance are an important part of Gambian culture. They are used to celebrate important events such as weddings, naming ceremonies and festivals. Traditional Gambian music is characterized by the use of indigenous instruments such as the kora, balafon and djembe.

The kora is a stringed instrument played by plucking the strings with the fingers. It is considered the national organ of The Gambia. The balafon is a type of xylophone played with hammered wooden sticks. Djembe is a type of drum that is played with the hands.

Application:

In conclusion, traditional Gambian customs are an important part of Gambian culture. They have been passed down from generation to generation and are still practiced by many Gambians today. These customs are important as they help preserve Gambian cultural heritage and also help unite the community. Thanks to these customs, Gambians can celebrate important events in their lives, such as births, marriages and deaths. They are also able to mark important transitions in their lives, such as the transition from childhood to adulthood. Overall, the traditional customs of The Gambia are a testament to the country's rich and diverse cultural heritage.

Entrance

The Gambia, officially called the Republic of The Gambia, is a small country located in West Africa. It is surrounded by Senegal on all sides except the Atlantic Ocean to the west where the Gambia River flows into it. The Gambia depends heavily on agriculture, fishing and tourism as its main sources of income. The country is also home to several ethnic groups, the largest being the Madinka tribe. In this article, we take a closer look at social norms in The Gambia, examining how they affect the daily lives of its residents.

What are social norms?

Social norms are established standards of behavior that determine how individuals in a society should behave. These behaviors are determined by society's values ​​and beliefs, which are influenced by factors such as culture, religion, and history. Social norms exist in all societies and help maintain order and enhance stability. When people do not respect social norms, it can lead to social ostracism and even legal consequences.

In The Gambia, social norms play a key role in dictating how people interact with each other. While many of these patterns are influenced by religion and traditional beliefs, they are also shaped by the country's history and its interactions with other cultures. Here are some of the most important social norms in The Gambia:

1. Respect for elders

One of the most important social norms in The Gambia is respect for the elderly. Gambians highly value the wisdom and experience of their elders and believe that they should be treated with respect and deference. This pattern is particularly important in rural areas where traditional values ​​still prevail. In these areas it is customary to address the elderly with a special title such as "Grandpa" or "Grandma".

The norm of respect for the elderly is also observed in formal settings such as schools and workplaces. Teachers and supervisors are often addressed by special titles such as "Sir" or "Ma'am" as a sign of respect. In addition, older people receive preferential treatment in some cases, for example in the allocation of resources.

2. Gender roles

Gender roles are another important set of social norms in The Gambia. While women have made significant progress in recent years, there are still many areas where gender inequality persists. For example, women are underrepresented in politics and in leadership positions. They are also more likely to be responsible for household chores such as cooking, cleaning and childcare.

However, there are many areas where women play a key role in Gambian society. For example, in traditional Gambian society, women are often responsible for preparing and serving meals at important occasions such as weddings and funerals. Women are also actively involved in agriculture and rural activities.

3. Religion

Religion is an essential part of Gambian society, with around 90% of the population being Muslim. The Islamic faith has a significant influence on Gambian culture and many social norms in the country are based on Islamic teachings. For example, gambling and alcohol are expressly prohibited by Islam, so these activities are generally frowned upon in Gambian society.

In addition, the teachings of Islam define certain behaviors that are considered desirable in Gambian society. For example, generosity, hospitality and courtesy are valued virtues in Gambian culture.

4. Hospitality

Hospitality is another basic social norm in The Gambia. Gambians are known for their warmth and friendliness, and visitors to the country are often impressed by the openness and hospitality of its people. When visitors arrive in The Gambia, they are usually greeted with food, drink and a warm welcome.

Hospitality is also manifested in the way Gambians treat their guests. For example, it is not unusual for guests to have the best sleep and the best food while staying in a Gambian home.

5. Traditional values

Traditional values ​​are also an important element of Gambian society. Many of these values ​​have their roots in the country's pre-colonial history and are still preserved today. For example, extended family structures are common in Gambian society, with many households consisting of multiple generations of family members. These extended family structures help promote a sense of community and belonging and provide social and economic support.

In addition, some traditional practices are still observed in Gambian society. For example, many people still practice traditional medicine, which involves using herbs and other natural remedies to treat illnesses. Traditional ceremonies, such as weddings and funerals, are also central to Gambian culture.

6. Kindness

Politeness is another important social norm in The Gambia. Gambians are generally very kind and polite and place a high value on good manners. For example, it is considered rude to interrupt someone while they are talking or to raise your voice in anger.

In addition, Gambians are often reluctant to say "no" directly. Instead, they may use intermediate language or state reasons why they cannot grant the request. This can sometimes make it difficult for foreigners to know whether their requests have been accepted or not.

Application

Social norms are an essential part of Gambian society and significantly shape the daily lives of its residents. These patterns are influenced by many factors, including religion, culture and history. Some of the most important social norms in The Gambia include respect for elders, gender roles, religion, hospitality, traditional values ​​and courtesy. While many of these patterns have positive effects, they can also be restrictive and lead to social ostracism in certain situations. Overall, a better understanding of these social norms can help foreigners appreciate the nuances of Gambian culture and improve cross-cultural understanding.

1. What is the official language of The Gambia?
English
b) French
c) Spanish
d) Arabic

2. What is the dominant religion in The Gambia?
a) Judaism
(b) Hinduism
c) Islam
d) Buddhism

3. What is the name of the traditional dress worn by women in the Gambia?
a) Daziki
b) Before
c) Kaftan
(δ) Płótno Kente

4. What type of popular music originates from The Gambia?
a) Reggae
b) Hip-hop
c) Afrobeat
(d) Balaks

5. What is the most popular sport in The Gambia?
a) Football (soccer)
b) Cricket
c) Basketball
d) Tennis

6. Who is the current president of Gambia?
α) Yahya Jammeh
b) Adama Barrowa
γ) Sir Dawda Jawara
d) Fatou Bensouda

7. What is the name of the traditional sport of wrestling in The Gambia?
a) Effect
b) Sumo
c) Judo
d) Taekwondo

8. Which river flows through the Gambia?
a) Zero
b) Congo River
c) Zambezi River
(d) The Gambia River

Answers:
1) a) English
2) c) Islam
3) b) Before
4) (d) Repeatedly
5) a) Football (soccer)
6) b) Adama Barrowa
7) a) Effect
8) d) River Gambia

Agriculture is the backbone of most African economies, including that of The Gambia. The sector has been and remains vital in providing food, employment and income opportunities to the communities living in the country. Over the years, the Gambian government has sought to promote and support this sector, hoping that it will stimulate economic growth and ensure food security in the country. However, achieving these goals has not been easy as the agricultural sector in The Gambia faces many constraints that have affected its productivity and profitability. The article discusses the importance of agriculture in The Gambia, including its role in the economy, the different types of crops grown in the country and the challenges facing the sector.

Importance of agriculture in Gambia

Agriculture is the largest employer in The Gambia, employing over 70% of the country's population. The industry contributed significantly to the country's GDP, accounting for about 30% of the total GDP. In addition, agriculture is the main source of livelihood for many rural households, which constitute 60% of the country's population. These households depend on agriculture for their daily livelihood and income generating activities.

The Gambia is known for its fertile soils and favorable climatic conditions, which make it suitable for agricultural production. The country has a variety of soil types, from sandy loam to deep red soils, which are suitable for growing a variety of crops. The Gambia's agro-ecological zones are well defined, which has allowed farmers to select and grow specific crops adapted to local conditions.

Types of crops grown in The Gambia

The Gambia is a predominantly agricultural country and its farmers grow a wide range of crops. The most popular crops in the country are rice, maize, millet, sorghum and vegetables. Rice is the most important cereal crop grown in The Gambia due to its high consumption rate. The government has prioritized rice production in the country and several initiatives have been implemented to increase rice production, such as providing seeds, fertilizers and other inputs to rice farmers.

Maize is another important crop grown in The Gambia and is used as food for both humans and animals. Millet and sorghum are also widely grown in the country and used as food and animal feed. Many farmers grow vegetables such as tomatoes, cabbages, lettuce, onions and other leafy vegetables, which are mainly produced for local consumption.

The Gambia also grows crops such as peanuts, cashews, sesame and cotton. Groundnuts are the most important cash crop and the country is the largest exporter of groundnuts in West Africa. Cashews are mainly produced for export and in recent years The Gambia has increased production and exports of cashews.

Challenges facing agriculture in the Gambia

While agriculture is the backbone of the Gambian economy, the sector faces several challenges that have affected its productivity and profitability. One of the major challenges is the lack of access to credit. Many farmers in The Gambia lack access to credit, limiting their ability to purchase inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. The government has set up many farmer credit schemes, but these schemes are sometimes not available due to strict eligibility criteria and poor coordination with farmers.

Another challenge facing agriculture in The Gambia is the uncertain distribution of rainfall. The Gambia is primarily a rain-fed agricultural country, with most farmers relying on rainfall to irrigate their crops. However, the country's rainfall pattern is unpredictable, affecting farmers' ability to effectively plan planting seasons. In addition, The Gambia is prone to droughts and floods, which have become more frequent in recent years due to climate change.

The Gambia's agricultural sector also faces challenges such as poor infrastructure, low productivity, inadequate marketing information and poor storage facilities. Poor infrastructure, including roads and irrigation systems, limits farmers' ability to transport their produce to markets and access inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. This in turn affects their productivity and profitability.

Application

Agriculture is a key sector in The Gambia and plays an important role in providing food, employment and income to the country's population. The government has prioritized the sector and implemented many programs to promote and support agricultural production in the country. However, the sector faces various challenges such as lack of access to credit, unpredictable rainfall patterns, poor infrastructure and inadequate marketing information. Addressing these challenges is critical to increasing the productivity and profitability of the sector, improving food security and promoting economic growth in the country.

Entrance

The Gambia is a small West African country located on the Atlantic Ocean, also known as the smiling coast of Africa. The country is surrounded by Senegal, whose coastline is characterized by pristine palm-fringed beaches. The Gambia has a rich culture and history instilled in its people, which makes it a major tourist attraction. With a population of 2.3 million, the country has a diverse cultural heritage that attracts visitors from all over the world. In this article, we will look at tourism in relation to the introduction of The Gambia, focusing on its importance, history, attractions and challenges.

History of Tourism in The Gambia

Tourism in The Gambia dates back to the colonial era when the country was under British rule. Settlers were drawn to the country's beautiful beaches, vast forests and rich culture, which they explored for leisure. At that time tourism was still in its infancy and only a few settlers were engaged in it. However, after the country's independence in 1965, tourism began to gain importance as an important source of income for the country.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the country's tourism industry boomed, with European and American tourists flooding in to enjoy Gambia's beautiful scenery and rich cultural heritage. The country's openness to tourists, combined with political stability, have made it a popular destination for tourists looking for a tropical vacation. Therefore, the government has invested in the tourism industry, building modern hotels, airports and other infrastructure to meet the growing demand.

Gambia's tourism industry has declined in recent years due to various factors such as political instability and competition from neighboring countries. Despite this, the country still receives a significant number of tourists who come to experience its unique culture and pristine beaches.

Attractions in Gambia

The Gambia has a wealth of natural and cultural attractions that make it an ideal holiday destination for tourists. One of the main attractions of the country is its coastline, which stretches for over 80 kilometers and is characterized by pristine beaches fringed by swaying palm trees. Tourists flock to these beaches to sunbathe, swim and enjoy water sports such as surfing and jet skiing.

Another major attraction of The Gambia is its diverse cultural heritage. The country has more than ten ethnic groups, each with their own unique customs, traditions and languages. The Wolof, Jola, Serahuli and Mandinka are the dominant ethnic groups in the country and each group has its own distinct cultural practices. Tourists come to The Gambia to experience these cultures through music, dance and festivals.

The rich nature of the country is also another major attraction for tourists. The Gambia boasts six national parks, including Kiang West National Park, River Gambia National Park and Niumi National Park, which are home to a variety of wildlife including crocodiles, hippos, hyenas and baboons. Tourists can go on safari rides to see these animals in their natural habitat.

Challenges facing tourism in The Gambia

Despite its rich natural and cultural heritage, Gambia's tourism industry faces many challenges that hinder its growth and development. One of the biggest challenges facing the industry is political instability. The Gambia has experienced several coups and civil unrest that have adversely affected the industry. Tourists are reluctant to visit countries with an unstable political situation because they fear for their safety, which leads to a decrease in the number of tourists visiting the country.

Another challenge facing Gambia's tourism industry is competition from neighboring countries such as Senegal and Ghana. These countries have invested heavily in their tourism infrastructure, attracting more tourists than The Gambia. The Gambia therefore needs to increase investment in the industry to remain competitive and attract more tourists.

In addition, seasonality also affects The Gambia's tourism industry. The country experiences a high tourist season from November to April and a low season from May to October. The low season is characterized by high temperatures and rainfall, making it unsuitable for tourists. Therefore, The Gambia needs to develop strategies to attract off-season tourists such as promoting ecotourism and cultural tourism.

Application

Overall, tourism is a major contributor to the Gambia's economy and this industry accounts for a significant portion of the country's GDP. The country has a diverse natural and cultural heritage that attracts tourists from all over the world. However, Gambia's tourism industry faces several challenges such as political instability, competition from neighboring countries and seasonality. Therefore, the country needs to invest more in the industry and develop innovative strategies to attract more tourists throughout the year.

Entrance:

The Gambia is a small country located in West Africa, surrounded by Senegal in addition to a small coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. The Gambia is one of the smallest countries in Africa, but it has a lot to offer, including a rich cultural heritage, beautiful landscapes and abundant natural resources such as forests, wildlife and fishing.

Fisheries play an important role in the Gambia's economy, providing direct employment to approximately 200,000 people and supporting another 400,000 indirectly. Fishing has long been a source of food for Gambians and is an important source of income for many families as well as a significant source of foreign exchange earnings. The Gambia's fishing industry has seen both successes and challenges over the years, but its importance to the country's development cannot be overstated.

This paper aims to highlight the role of fisheries in the development of The Gambia, the challenges facing the sector, the current state of the sector and the policies and actions required to ensure its continued growth and sustainability.

Record:

The Gambia's coastline stretches over 80 kilometers, offering excellent fishing opportunities. The Gambia's fish stocks are very diverse with more than 100 different species of fish including pelagics, benthopelagics, crustaceans and molluscs. These fish stocks are also highly productive and can produce large yields.

Gambia's fisheries provide direct and indirect employment to a large part of the country's population. Fishing is the main source of income for most rural fishermen and the industry provides many jobs in processing, marketing and transport. The fisheries sector also contributes significantly to the country's GDP, accounting for about 6% of the country's GDP.

The Gambian government has recognized the importance of fish stocks and has implemented various policies to increase the share of fisheries in the national economy. These included:

1. Establishment of a Department of Fisheries to regulate the sector, set fishing quotas and provide monitoring and surveillance services.

2. Creating a regulatory framework to ensure the sustainable development of the sector.

3. Introduce measures to encourage more sustainable fishing practices, including the use of alternative fishing gear, and establish a closed fishing season.

4. Promotion of aquaculture as a means of diversifying the sector and reducing dependence on wild fish stocks.

Successes and challenges:

The Gambian fishing industry has seen both successes and challenges over the years. Successes include increasing fish production, improving the quality and safety of fishery products, increasing fishermen's income and creating jobs.

The industry also faced significant challenges, including:

1. Depletion of fish stocks due to overfishing and illegal fishing practices.

2. Climate change affecting fish stocks and fishermen's livelihoods.

3. Inadequate infrastructure and storage facilities that limit the added value and processing of fishery products.

4. Weak institutional capacity and enforcement mechanisms that prevent effective regulation and monitoring of the industry.

5. Limited capital and investment in the sector, which limits the growth and competitiveness of the Gambian fishing industry.

Current state of the industry:

The Gambia's fish stocks are heavily exploited due to the high demand for fish products in the domestic and foreign markets. The industry is currently facing several challenges that threaten the sustainability of the country's fish stocks.

Overfishing is the biggest challenge facing the industry. Some fish stocks such as bong (Ethmalosa fimbriata) or sardine (Sardinella aurita) have declined significantly in recent years due to overfishing. Illegal fishing is also a serious threat to this sector. Illegal fishing is mainly carried out by foreign vessels fishing in Gambian waters without a permit.

Poor fishing practices have also contributed to the depletion of fish stocks. The use of destructive fishing gear, such as beach seines, which invariably catch young and adult fish, has been recognized as a serious threat to fish stocks. Poor enforcement is also a challenge, and some fishermen continue to use illegal fishing gear and catch undersized fish, undermining the sustainability of fish stocks.

Infrastructure and storage facilities are inadequate, limiting value addition and processing of fishery products. This led to low quality exports and limited access to international markets. Inadequate sanitary and phytosanitary standards also affect exports of fishery products.

The fisheries sector also lacks sufficient institutional capacity and enforcement mechanisms, which limits effective regulation and monitoring of the sector. This undermines efforts to protect and control illegal fishing.

Rules and Actions:

There are many policies and actions that need to be implemented to ensure the sustainable development of the fisheries sector in The Gambia. These policies and actions include:

1. Develop a national fisheries policy that recognizes the importance of sustainable fisheries management and sets clear goals and objectives for the sector.

2. Strengthening the institutions responsible for overseeing the sector, including the Department of Fisheries, which should have the necessary resources and powers to enforce regulations and effectively monitor and supervise the sector.

3. Develop a comprehensive legal framework and enforcement mechanisms to curb illegal fishing practices, including a system of fines and penalties for offenders.

4. Promotion of sustainable fishing practices, including the use of alternative fishing gear and closed fishing seasons, which will contribute to the conservation of fish stocks and ensure their sustainability.

5. Increase investment in the sector to improve infrastructure and storage facilities, which will allow the sector to increase the added value of its fishery products, improve their quality and generate higher income for fishermen.

6. Promotion of aquaculture as a means of diversifying the sector and reducing dependence on wild fish stocks. Aquaculture can also create new employment opportunities and provide a source of food for local communities.

Application:

Fisheries are vital to the economic and social well-being of The Gambia. This sector provides employment to a significant part of the population and contributes significantly to the country's GDP. Despite the challenges facing the industry, there are opportunities for its growth and development.

The Gambian government must take bold steps to address the challenges facing the industry and ensure its sustainable growth. This requires the development of a comprehensive national fisheries policy, the strengthening of institutions and sustainable investment in the sector. Sustainable fisheries management practices must be adopted and enforced to ensure the conservation of fish stocks and the continued availability of these stocks for future generations.

Entrance:

The Gambia is a country located on the west coast of Africa. It is one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a total area of ​​10,689 square kilometers. Despite its small size, the country has a diverse economy that includes a variety of industries that contribute to its overall success.

This report aims to provide an overview of industries in The Gambia. The report analyzes various industries and provides information on their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. Also, the main factors driving the development of these industries and their contribution to the economic development of the country are highlighted.

Agriculture:

Agriculture is the main industry in The Gambia, accounting for about 30% of the country's GDP. The country has a largely agricultural economy, with most of the population engaged in agriculture.

The main crops grown in The Gambia are groundnuts, rice, maize and millet. These crops are grown mainly for domestic use, with only a small percentage being exported. Groundnut production is the leading crop in The Gambia, accounting for more than 50% of the country's exports.

One of the main challenges facing agriculture in The Gambia is the lack of modern agricultural techniques and technologies. Most of the country's farmers still rely on traditional farming methods, which can be time-consuming and produce low yields. The government has invested in efforts to increase the use of modern agricultural techniques, including better irrigation systems and the use of hybrid seeds. However, more needs to be done to improve the efficiency of the sector.

THE TOURISM:

Tourism is another important industry in The Gambia, accounting for about 20% of the country's GDP. The country is known for its beaches, wildlife and cultural heritage that attract thousands of visitors every year.

The tourism industry in The Gambia has seen significant growth in recent years, with the number of visitors increasing year on year. However, the industry faces many challenges such as lack of proper infrastructure, high crime rates and political instability.

To address these challenges, the government has implemented measures to improve the country's tourism infrastructure, including the construction of new roads, hotels and other tourist facilities. In addition, the government has prioritized efforts to keep tourists safe through increased security measures and anti-crime initiatives.

Production:

Industry is a growing sector in The Gambia. The domestic manufacturing industry is relatively small and focuses on the production of textiles, food and plastic products.

The country's manufacturing sector faces many challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to capital and a lack of skilled labor. However, the government has implemented policies to encourage investment in the sector, including tax incentives and the creation of export processing zones.

The government's efforts to develop the manufacturing sector have resulted in notable successes, including the establishment of many garment factories producing garments for export. In addition, the domestic food processing industry has experienced growth in recent years.

Fishing:

Fishing is the main industry in The Gambia, accounting for about 12% of the country's GDP. The country has a long coastline and its inland waterways are an abundant source of fish.

Most of the fish caught in The Gambia is consumed domestically and only a small percentage is exported. Some of the most commonly caught fish are bongs, skipjack and tilapia.

One of the biggest challenges facing the fishing industry in The Gambia is overfishing, which has led to a decline in fish stocks. The government has implemented measures to address this challenge, including establishing marine protected areas, regulating fishing quotas and promoting sustainable fishing practices.

Mining:

Mining is a relatively small industry in The Gambia, accounting for less than 1% of the country's GDP. The country has a small amount of mineral resources, including phosphates and limestone.

The mining industry in The Gambia faces many challenges, such as the lack of modern mining equipment and technology and the lack of skilled manpower. In addition, the industry is hampered by political instability and the lack of a clear legal framework governing mining activities.

Despite these challenges, the government has prioritized efforts to develop the mining sector. The country has set up a mining commission to oversee the industry and its investment framework is designed to attract foreign investment into the sector.

Energy:

Energy is the main industry in The Gambia. The country has a limited supply of energy resources and most of its energy needs are met through imports.

The Gambia has implemented various initiatives to reduce its dependence on imported energy, including the development of renewable energy sources such as solar energy. The country has also implemented policies to encourage investment in the energy sector, including tax incentives and subsidies for renewable energy projects.

Application:

The Gambia has a diverse economy that includes many industries, each of which contributes to the country's overall economic development. Agriculture is the country's main industry, followed by tourism, manufacturing, fishing, mining and energy.

Every industry faces many challenges such as lack of modern technology, inadequate infrastructure, political instability and lack of skilled manpower. However, the government has implemented policies to address these challenges and promote the development of these industries.

The Gambia's economy has experienced significant growth in recent years, with several successes in the agriculture, tourism and manufacturing sectors. Thus, the country has the potential to grow and prosper, provided it continues to prioritize economic diversification, invest in infrastructure, promote stability and security, and maintain a favorable business environment.

1. What is the currency of Gambia?
A) Euro
B) Entertainment
C) Dallas
D) Resign

2. Which sector contributes the most to the Gambian economy?
A) Agriculture
B) Production
C) Service
D) Mining

3. What is Gambia's GDP per capita?
A) $1000
B) $2500
C) $4000
D) $6000

4. What is Gambia's main export?
Rice
B) Fish
C) Cotton
D) Wood

5. Who is The Gambia's largest trading partner?
Α) Chiny
B) Senegal
C) United States
D) United Kingdom

6. What is the poverty rate in The Gambia?
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

7. What is the unemployment rate in The Gambia?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

8. What is the main source of income for the majority of Gambians?
A) Agriculture
B) Mining
C) Service
D) negotiation

Answers:
1. C) Dallas
2. A) Agriculture
3. B) $2500
4. B) Fish
5. B) Senegal
6.D) 50%
7. C) 20%
8. A) Agriculture

Entrance

The Gambia is a small West African country located along the Atlantic coast. It is the smallest country on the African continent, surrounded on three sides by Senegal. According to the World Bank, The Gambia has a population of approximately 2.3 million, of which over 50% are under the age of 25. The country has an interesting socio-political history that has shaped its current system of government. In this article, I will discuss various aspects of the Gambia's system of government, including the types of government, political institutions, and the role of the judiciary.

Types of government

The Gambia has gone through various systems of government since independence in 1965, including a parliamentary democracy, military rule and a presidential democracy. Currently, The Gambia is a presidential republic with a multi-party system of government. This form of government consists of a strong executive branch, a bicameral legislature, and an independent judiciary. The President of The Gambia is both head of state and head of government. The president is elected by popular vote every five years and can serve a maximum of two terms.

Political institutions

The government of The Gambia is divided into three institutions: the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. These institutions work hand in hand to ensure the smooth running of the country.

Executive

The head of the executive branch is the president, who is the head of state and government. The president is assisted by the vice president, who is also appointed by the president. The executive branch also consists of various departments that carry out the functions of the government. These departments include, but are not limited to, the Public Service Commission, the Chief Secretary and the Head of Service.

Legislature

The Gambia has a bicameral legislature consisting of the National Assembly and committees. The National Assembly is the Lower House and the Committees are the Upper House. The National Assembly consists of 58 members elected by the people for a five-year term. The committees consist of 5 members appointed by the president. They perform their function for an indefinite period of time.

Courts

The judiciary is an independent body established to interpret and enforce the law. The Gambia's judicial system consists of the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Magistrates' Court. The highest court of the country is the Court of Appeal, followed by the Supreme Court and the Magistrate's Court. The judiciary is headed by the President of the Supreme Court, who is appointed by the President in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission.

The role of the judiciary

The Gambian judiciary has the power to interpret and enforce the law. The judiciary ensures that the constitution is respected and the rights of citizens are protected. The judiciary checks the other branches of government to make sure they don't overstep their bounds. The judiciary resolves disputes between various parties, including governments and individuals, private entities and government agencies, and between individuals. This guarantees the rule of law in Gambian society.

In recent years, the Gambian judiciary has undergone significant changes resulting in an improved legal framework and improved access to justice for citizens. In July 2017, the Gambian Parliament passed a new law on the appointment of judges. The law was passed to ensure that the selection and appointment of judges was based solely on merit and not on political beliefs. As a result, the judiciary in The Gambia has become more independent and there is a higher level of trust between citizens and the judiciary.

Political parties

The Gambia is a multi-party state whose citizens have the right to form and join political parties. There are several political parties in the country, the most famous of which are the United Democratic Party (UDP), the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP).

The United Democratic Party (UDP) is the country's largest opposition party, with over 30% of the vote in the 2016 presidential election. Founded in 1996, its ideology is based primarily on democracy, human rights and social justice. The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC) is the former ruling party founded in 1996. Its ideology is based on Pan-Africanism and the promotion of Gambian culture. The Social Democratic Party (SDP) is a left-wing party founded in 2016. Its ideology emphasizes the need for equal opportunities, social justice and economic empowerment for all citizens.

Political parties in The Gambia play a vital role in the country's democracy. They provide a platform for citizens to participate in the political process and express their views on various issues. Political parties also act as a link between citizens and government, making it easier for citizens to cooperate with government.

Application

The Gambia's system of government is a presidential democracy based on a multi-party system. The executive power of the country is headed by the president, who is assisted by the vice president and several departments. The legislative branch includes the National Assembly and committees, while the judiciary is an independent body whose purpose is to uphold the law. Political parties in The Gambia play a key role in the country's democracy by providing a platform for citizens to participate in the political process and express their views. In recent years, the Gambian judicial system has undergone significant changes aimed at improving access to justice and increasing the independence of the judiciary. Through these efforts, The Gambia is moving towards a more democratic system of governance.

Entrance

The Gambia, also known as the Islamic Republic of The Gambia, is a small West African country surrounded by Senegal except for the coast along the Atlantic Ocean. The country gained its independence from Britain on February 18, 1965 and has since undergone several political and economic changes. The Gambia's government operates under a presidential system of democratic democracy, meaning that citizens elect their president, who serves as both head of state and government.

The Gambian constitution plays a key role in the governance of the country and its people. This article aims to explore the Constitution of The Gambia, its purposes and how it relates to the principles and values ​​of the country.

Constitution of the Gambia

The Constitution of The Gambia is the supreme law of The Gambia used to govern its people and ensure equality, justice and democracy. It was first enacted on April 24, 1970 to guide the country towards the promotion of democratic principles, respect for civil liberties and human rights, and accountability. Since its inception, the Constitution of The Gambia has undergone several revisions and amendments to reflect the country's changing political and social conditions.

The constitution of The Gambia defines the structure of the country, defines the powers and duties of government institutions and the rights and obligations of citizens. It includes a number of provisions and clauses that regulate various aspects of the political, social and economic life of the country. The Constitution is divided into several chapters and consists of 20 parts, each of which deals with a different subject.

For example, the preamble to the Gambia constitution describes the country's aspirations, values ​​and principles. It proclaims The Gambia as a sovereign, democratic and secular republic based on the principles of respect for the dignity, human rights and freedoms of all its citizens. It further reaffirms the country's commitment to freedom, justice and the rule of law, as well as supporting national unity and promoting social, economic and cultural progress.

The Gambia's constitution also contains provisions for the country's governance structure, which includes the executive, legislature and judiciary. The executive branch of government consists of the president, vice president and cabinet ministers, while the legislative branch consists of the National Assembly. The judiciary includes the courts, including the High Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. The constitution also defines the functions, powers and limits of each of these branches to ensure a system of checks and balances.

The Gambian Constitution also defines the rights and freedoms of its citizens, which include, among others, the right to life, liberty and security of person. It also guarantees freedom of expression, association, assembly, movement, religion and conscience. These rights and freedoms are based on the Constitution, respect for human dignity and ensure that the authorities do not overstep their bounds and violate the fundamental rights of citizens.

Civic Education and the Constitution

Civic education and the Gambian Constitution are closely linked. Civic education aims to educate responsible and active citizens who are able to promote and defend democratic principles and values. The Constitution of The Gambia serves as a framework for civic education, providing a legal basis and guidance on how citizens should conduct themselves in their daily lives.

Citizenship education is key to promoting constitutional literacy, which refers to knowing and understanding the content of the Constitution and its fundamental principles. Knowledge of the constitution is essential for citizens to actively participate in governance and to hold their leaders accountable. Ignorance of the constitution can lead to apathy, abuse of power and erosion of democratic principles.

The Gambia's constitution provides citizens with opportunities to cooperate with the government, including the right to vote, petition and protest. Citizenship education therefore equips citizens with the knowledge they need to effectively engage with government and hold their leaders accountable.

The Gambian constitution also provides for a mechanism to resolve conflicts and promote peace and stability. The constitution establishes a judiciary that ensures the rule of law in the country. Through civic education, citizens are informed about legal and peaceful ways to resolve conflicts and seek justice.

The role of the Constitution in ensuring good governance

Good governance is essential to promote democracy, economic growth and social cohesion. The Gambian constitution plays a key role in ensuring good governance by providing a legal framework to promote democratic principles and values.

One of the key elements of the Constitution to promote good governance is its provisions on accountability and transparency. The constitution establishes mechanisms to ensure that the government is accountable to its citizens and ensures that government actions are transparent. The Constitution also provides for legal penalties for public officials who violate the provisions of the Constitution.

The Gambian constitution also promotes the separation of powers so that no branch of government can dominate or abuse its power. For example, the executive branch is bound by the Constitution when in office and the judiciary is independent and free from political influence.

The Gambia Constitution also provides opportunities for citizen participation and participation. The constitution guarantees the right to vote, organize and participate in public affairs. It also establishes mechanisms for citizens to report to the government and seek redress for their wrongdoings.

The role of the Constitution in promoting human rights

The Gambian Constitution plays an important role in promoting and protecting human rights. The Constitution guarantees by law respect for human dignity and the rights and freedoms of all citizens. This is especially important in a country like The Gambia, which has experienced human rights violations in the past.

The Gambian Constitution contains provisions to protect the right to life, liberty and security of person. It also guarantees freedom of expression, association, assembly, movement, religion and conscience. These rights and freedoms are essential for the development of a just and democratic society.

The Gambian constitution also promotes equality before the law and prohibits discrimination based on race, nationality, sex, religion or other factors. The Constitution provides legal protection for minorities and marginalized communities by giving them equal access to justice, education and public services.

Application

In summary, the Gambian Constitution plays a key role in governing the country and ensuring democracy, human rights and good governance. The constitution provides a legal framework through which citizens can effectively cooperate with government and hold their leaders accountable. It also protects the rights and freedoms of all citizens and promotes the rule of law and the separation of powers. While The Gambia's Constitution reflects its aspirations and principles, its effective implementation and enforcement depends on a well-informed and engaged citizenry, making civic education and knowledge of the constitution essential to promoting good governance and human rights.

Entrance

The Gambia is a small country with a population of about 2 million people and has a stable democratic government. The country's political system is characterized by multiple political parties competing for national leadership roles. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of political parties and elections in The Gambia, touching on their history, party system and electoral process.

History of Political Parties in The Gambia

The history of political parties in The Gambia dates back to pre-independence times. During this period, political parties were formed in The Gambia that sought to make the country independent from the colonial powers. One of the first political organizations to develop in The Gambia was the Democratic Party, which was founded in 1951. This political party played an important role in the country's quest for independence from Britain. In 1960, the People's Progressive Party (PPP) joined the political scene in The Gambia. This political party was founded by Sir Dawda Jawara, later the first President of The Gambia. The PPP was the leading political party during the country's first democracy and won all elections held between 1961 and 1994.

In 1980, an opposition party, the National Convention Party, was founded. This party was formed to challenge the dominance of the PPP in the Gambian political scene. In 1994, Yahya Jammeh, a military officer, overthrew the PPP government and suspended his political party for two years. After a period of suspension, the political parties resumed their activities and in 1996 the PPP was renamed PPP/Sheriff. Other political parties also emerged during this period, including the United Democratic Party (UDP), which is still a major opposition party to this day. In 2013, Gambia's political landscape changed when Jammeh's government passed a law requiring political parties to register with a hefty fee of 1 million GMD, making it difficult for opposition parties to participate in elections.

The party system in the Gambia

The Gambia has a multi-party system. The party system is dominated by the UDP, the PPP and the National Reconciliation Party (KPR). These parties control a large part of the national political scene and have been instrumental in setting the country's political agenda. Other political parties in The Gambia include the Gambia Moral Congress (GMC), the Gambia Democratic Congress (GDC) and the National Convention Party (NCP).

The UDP is currently the main opposition party in the country. It was founded by Ousainou Darboe, a human rights lawyer, in 1996. Darboe was arrested and detained by Jammeh's government in 2016, sparking widespread public protests. The UDP remains a force to be reckoned with on the domestic political scene, consistently emerging as the second most popular political party in national parliamentary elections.

The PPP, formerly known as PPP/Sheriff, was the leading political party during Gambia's first republic. The party was founded by Sir Dawda Jawara, who later became the first president of The Gambia. The PPP dominated Gambian politics from its inception until 1994, when it was overthrown by the Jammeh government. The PPP continues to be an influential political party and maintains a significant percentage of support among the country's population.

The National Reconciliation Party (KPR) was founded in 2006 by Hamat Baha, a former member of the PPP. The party consistently maintains a lower support rate compared to the PPP and the UDP.

The electoral process in The Gambia

The electoral process in The Gambia is conducted under the supervision of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). The IEC is the government body responsible for overseeing elections in the country. The committee consists of seven members appointed by the president in consultation with the national assembly.

The electoral process in The Gambia consists of several stages. The first stage is the nomination of candidates by the political parties. Political parties nominate their candidates to run for various positions, such as presidential, parliamentary and local government positions. The second stage is the election campaign, where candidates campaign across the country to win the support of the electorate. The third stage is the actual voting process where citizens go to polling stations to vote.

Parliamentary elections in The Gambia are held every five years. Presidential elections are held separately from parliamentary elections, with the two elections held several months apart. The president is elected in a two-round system. In the first round, a candidate must receive at least 50% of the vote to be the winner. If none of the candidates receives 50% of the votes, a run-off election is held between the two candidates who received the highest number of votes. The candidate who receives the most votes in the second round of elections is declared the winner.

Parliamentary elections are held with a simple majority system. The country has a total of 58 constituencies and each constituency is represented by a member of parliament. The political party that wins the majority of seats in parliament forms the government. In the event that no political party wins a majority, different parties can form alliances to form a government.

Challenges facing political parties and elections in The Gambia

Political parties and elections in The Gambia have faced various challenges over the years. One of the biggest challenges is the high cost of voting. Political parties in the Gambia are required to pay huge deposits to register their candidates for elections. This makes it more difficult for smaller political parties and independent candidates to participate in the electoral process.

Another challenge facing political parties and elections in The Gambia is the manipulation of the electoral process to favor incumbent governments. This challenge was witnessed during Yahya Jammeh's rule as he used various tactics to rig elections in his favour. Concerns have been raised that this practice may continue in future elections.

Application

In conclusion, the Gambian political system is characterized by a multi-party system with political parties competing for leadership roles. The party system is dominated by the UDP, PPP and KPR. The electoral process in The Gambia is conducted under the supervision of the Independent Electoral Commission. The process involves several stages, including nomination, campaigning and voting. However, the electoral process was marred by several challenges, including high participation costs and manipulation of the process to favor incumbent governments. Addressing these challenges will go a long way in ensuring a free and fair electoral process in the country.

Entrance

The Gambia is a small country in West Africa, surrounded by Senegal to the north, south and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The Gambia has a population of about 2.4 million, according to the United Nations, of which about 90 percent of the population is Muslim, with the remainder practicing Christianity and traditional beliefs. The country gained independence from Britain in 1965 and has since endured a tumultuous political history, including the nearly twenty-two-year reign of former president Yahya Jammeh. This article will focus on human rights in The Gambia, looking at the historical background of the country, the importance of human rights and the current state of human rights in the country.

Historical background

The Gambia has a long and complicated history, with the first European contact occurring in the 15th century when Portuguese traders came to the coast to control trade in West Africa. The Portuguese were followed by the British, who colonized part of The Gambia in the early 19th century. The country's official language is English, reflecting its history under English colonial rule.

After independence in 1965, the country was plagued by political instability and violence. In 1981, Yahya Jammeh came to power in a military coup, establishing a dictatorship that lasted until 2017. During this time, human rights violations were rampant and the country's citizens suffered many violations, including extrajudicial killings and torture . Jammeh was also known for cracking down on the opposition and censoring the press.

The importance of human rights

Human rights are universal standards that should be enjoyed by all people, regardless of nationality, ethnic origin, race, religion, gender or other status. These are legal guarantees that protect individuals from discrimination and oppression, ensuring that everyone has access to a fair and equal society. The promotion and protection of human rights is essential to democracy, development and peace, as it enables individuals to participate in the decisions that affect their lives, to hold those in power accountable and to live with dignity and respect.

In The Gambia, the struggle for human rights is vital to building a fair and just society, promoting democracy and ensuring the rule of law. Human rights are essential to the creation of a stable and peaceful state, ensuring that citizens are free to express their opinions and participate in political dialogue without fear of repression or reprisals. Human rights also serve to protect the most vulnerable members of society, such as women and children, who are often excluded or marginalized in political and social institutions.

The current human rights situation in The Gambia

Since Jammeh stepped down in 2017, The Gambia has taken significant steps to address the human rights abuses that occurred during his regime. Specifically, the new government established the Truth, Reconciliation and Redress Commission (TRRC) in 2018 to investigate and document human rights violations committed by the previous regime. The commission heard testimony from dozens of witnesses and victims, providing insight into the widespread abuses that took place under Jammeh's rule. In addition, the government has taken steps to reform the security sector and promote greater transparency and accountability, including by establishing an Anti-Corruption Commission and a Public Service Commission.

Despite these positive steps, serious human rights concerns remain in The Gambia. Freedom of expression remains limited and journalists and activists are prosecuted for speaking out against the government. Women and girls still face widespread discrimination and violence, and issues such as female genital mutilation (FGM), early marriage and domestic violence remain widespread. Discrimination against people with disabilities, with limited access to education and health care, and physical barriers to participation in society are also widespread.

Application

Human rights are fundamental to creating a just and equal society that promotes democracy, development and peace. Human rights abuses were widespread in The Gambia, with the previous regime engaging in extrajudicial killings, torture and censorship. Since Yahya Jammeh stepped down in 2017, the government has made significant progress in addressing past abuses by establishing the TRRC and other institutions to promote transparency and accountability. However, serious human rights concerns remain in the country, including limited freedom of expression, discrimination against women and girls, and barriers to the participation of persons with disabilities. To build a truly democratic society, The Gambia must continue to prioritize human rights, ensuring equal access to justice, education, health care and social participation for all citizens.

1. From which European country did Gambia gain independence?

France
B. Portugal
C. Spain
W. Britain

Answer: D. United Kingdom

2. Who is the current president of Gambia?

A. Adama Barrowa
Β. Yahya Jammeh
C. Omar Sarr
D. Bakary Jammeh

Answer: A. Adama Barrow

3. Which political party is currently in power in The Gambia?

A. United Democratic Party
B. Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Reconstruction
C. People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism
D. National Assembly Party

Answer: B. Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Reconstruction

4. Who was the previous president of Gambia who ruled for over 20 years?

A. Adama Barrowa
Β. Yahya Jammeh
C. Omar Sarr
D. Bakary Jammeh

Answer: B. Yahya Jammeh

5. Which international organization is responsible for overseeing the electoral process in The Gambia?

A. African Union
B. United Nations
C. European Union
D. Economic Community of West African States

Answer: D. Economic Community of West African States

6. Which of the following is NOT the main political party in The Gambia?

A. National Assembly Party
B. People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism
C. United Democratic Party
D. Gambia Republican Party

Answer: D. Gambia Republican Party

7. Which of the following is the capital of Gambia?

A. The band
B. Namorzyny
C. Brikama
D. Serekunda

Answer: A. Banjul

8. What is the main religion practiced in The Gambia?

Christianity
B. Islam
C. Traditional African Religion
D. Buddhism

Answer: B. Islam

9. Who was the first president of Gambia after independence?

Α. Dawda Jawara
Β. Yahya Jammeh
C. Bakary Jammeh
D. Adama Barrowa

Answer: A. Dawda Jawara

10. Which of the following is NOT the main ethnic group in The Gambia?

A. Madinka
B. Fula
C Hausa
D. Wolof

Answer: C. Hausa

Introduction to Gambia

The Gambia is the smallest country on the African continent, bordered to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and surrounded by Senegal on the other sides. The Gambia has an area of ​​11,300 square kilometers and a population of approximately 2.2 million. The country is divided into seven regions and its capital is Banjul. The main language spoken in the country is English, which is also the official language, while other languages ​​include Mandinka, Wolof and Fula. The Gambia is known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture and diverse wildlife.

Education system in Gambia

Education in The Gambia is highly valued and considered a fundamental right of every child, thanks to the government's commitment to providing free primary and secondary education to all children. However, despite the government's efforts to provide free education, the country's education system still faces many challenges. This article analyzes the education system in The Gambia, including its history, current status and future prospects.

History of Education in The Gambia

Education in The Gambia has a long history dating back to the colonial era in the early 19th century when Christian missionaries introduced education to the country. At that time, the curriculum was heavily influenced by religious principles and values, and religious education was an important subject. The primary purpose of education was to provide basic knowledge to prepare natives for manual labor in the colonial economy.

After the country's independence in 1965, the new government placed education at the top of its priority list. The government recognized that education plays a key role in the country's development and sought to ensure access to education for all citizens. The government established the Ministry of Education to oversee the country's education sector and introduced a new curriculum emphasizing science and technology to prepare the country for the 21st century.

The current state of education in The Gambia

The education system in The Gambia has made significant progress since independence, but still faces many challenges. Currently, the system is divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education.

Basic education

Primary education is compulsory and free for all children aged 7 to 12. The curriculum is designed to equip students with the basic literacy and numeracy skills necessary for further education. The curriculum includes six core subjects: Mathematics, Science, English, Social Studies, Religion and Physical Education. The government provides free textbooks, uniforms and school meals for primary school students.

Despite government efforts to provide free primary education, the quality of primary education in The Gambia remains a major concern. Many schools lack basic facilities such as classrooms, furniture and teaching materials. The student to teacher ratio is also high, with one teacher for every 50 students. The quality of teaching is poor and many teachers lack adequate training and professional development. As a result, many students leave primary school without the necessary skills to progress to secondary school.

Secondary education

Secondary education in The Gambia is divided into two stages: lower secondary and upper secondary. Lower secondary education lasts three years and follows the primary school curriculum. Upper secondary education is a two-year program that offers a more specialized curriculum. In addition to core subjects, students take electives such as agriculture, commerce and technical education.

Secondary education is not compulsory and many children drop out before completing upper secondary education. Reasons for high school dropout rates include poverty, lack of facilities, inadequate teaching and cultural attitudes that favor the education of boys over girls.

Higher education

Higher education in The Gambia is provided by universities, colleges and vocational training institutions. There is only one university in the country, the University of The Gambia which was established in 1999. The university offers undergraduate programs in various fields including agriculture, education, engineering and law.

The government provides limited funding for higher education and many students cannot afford the fees. As a result, higher education enrollment is low and only a small percentage of students have access to higher education.

Future Prospects for Education in The Gambia

To improve the quality of education in The Gambia, the government must address the challenges facing the education sector. Here are some of the areas for improvement:

Infrastructure

The government should invest in building new schools and renovating existing ones to provide a good learning environment. Many schools lack basic amenities such as clean water, toilets and classrooms. This reduces the quality of education in these schools.

Teacher training

The government needs to invest in teacher training to improve the quality of teaching in The Gambia. Many teachers lack adequate training and professional development, which translates into poor quality education in many schools. The government should provide incentives for teachers to improve their skills, including training programs and pay increases.

Curriculum development

The government must review and update the curriculum to meet modern educational needs. The curriculum should emphasize science, technology, engineering and mathematics to prepare students to enter the workforce. The curriculum should also prioritize critical thinking and problem solving skills to equip students with the necessary skills to address the country's developmental challenges.

Enroll more girls in school

Cultural attitudes towards girls' education need to change to increase the number of girls enrolled in schools. Today, many parents prioritize the education of their sons over their daughters, leading to higher dropout rates for girls. The government should create awareness campaigns to encourage parents to enroll their daughters in school and provide incentives such as scholarships for girls.

Application

The Gambia's education system faces many challenges, but the government is making efforts to improve it. The government is committed to providing free education to all children, but this commitment must be translated into action to ensure that all children have access to quality education. The government is addressing challenges facing the education sector, including inadequate infrastructure, low-quality teaching, outdated curricula and cultural barriers to girls' education. By addressing these challenges, Gambia's education system can provide students with the skills they need to contribute to the country's development.

Entrance

The Republic of The Gambia is a small country in West Africa with a population of about 2.4 million people. It is surrounded by Senegal on three sides and the Atlantic Ocean on the fourth. The country has a relatively low life expectancy, a high infant mortality rate, and a high incidence of infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV. This article will discuss the health care situation in The Gambia, including history, current issues and future prospects.

Record

The Gambia has a history of colonialism when the British took control from the Portuguese in the 17th century. After independence in 1965, The Gambia became a republic in 1970. The country is divided into five administrative regions, each with its own hospital. In addition, there are private clinics and traditional healers available to the population.

The Gambia's health care system is administered by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, which is responsible for setting rules and guidelines, providing health services, and overseeing public health programs. Government support for the health care system is limited due to the country's small economy and limited resources. Much of the funding for health care comes from international aid agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Current issues

The Gambia faces many challenges in its health system. One of them is the lack of medical personnel, especially in rural areas. The country has only 1.2 doctors and 3.3 nurses per 10,000 people, compared to the WHO recommendation of 22.8 health professionals per 10,000 people. In addition to staff shortages, there is a shortage of medical equipment, drugs and supplies.

Another problem facing the country is the high incidence of infectious diseases. Malaria is the leading cause of death for children under five, and tuberculosis is a serious health risk. HIV/AIDS is also a problem, with about 1.9% of the population infected. In addition to these infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are becoming more common due to lifestyle changes and an aging population.

Access to healthcare is also an issue in The Gambia. Although the government provides free health care to the population, many people live in remote areas and do not have access to health services. In addition, transportation is often a challenge due to poor road infrastructure.

Finally, traditional beliefs and practices can challenge modern health care. Many Gambians prefer to seek treatment from traditional healers or use traditional remedies, which may delay or prevent them from seeking modern treatment.

Future prospects

Despite the challenges facing the Gambia's health system, various initiatives have been implemented to improve the system. One is the Community Health Worker (CHW) program that trains and deploys lay workers to provide basic health services in rural areas. This has improved access to healthcare for many Gambians.

Another positive development is the government's commitment to the WHO's universal health coverage (UHC) programme. In 2017, the government launched a national health insurance program that aims to cover all Gambians by 2021. The program will be funded by a combination of government grants, employer contributions and individual contributions.

In addition, the government is working to address the shortage of medical personnel by increasing the number of medical schools and nursing schools. It also invests in the modernization of healthcare facilities and the purchase of medical equipment and materials.

Application

The Gambia's health care system faces many challenges, including a shortage of medical personnel, limited resources, and a high prevalence of infectious diseases. However, there are initiatives to improve access to health care and to increase the availability of medical personnel and resources. As the government continues to invest in the system and implement new policies, the health of the population is likely to improve.

Public health is an essential aspect of any society and is essential to the well-being of its citizens. Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, public and private organizations, communities, and individuals. To achieve these goals, a country must have a strong public health system that includes public health programs to address specific health issues. In this article, we will discuss public health programs in The Gambia.

Introduction to Gambia

The Gambia is a small country in West Africa, surrounded on all sides by Senegal and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country has a population of approximately 2.3 million inhabitants and an annual population growth rate of 2.6%. The capital is Banjul and the official language is English, although many other languages ​​are spoken, including Madinka, Wolof, Fula and Jola. The Gambia has a multi-party democracy with a president as head of state and government. The country's economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, with most of the population engaged in subsistence farming.

Public health challenges in The Gambia

Like many other countries in Africa, The Gambia faces many public health challenges, including malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malnutrition and maternal and child health problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in The Gambia. The country is also heavily burdened by tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, with an estimated 7,300 new cases of tuberculosis and 1,000 new cases of HIV reported each year. Malnutrition remains a serious public health problem, with 10.3% of children under the age of five suffering from acute malnutrition.

Public health programs in the Gambia

In response to these public health challenges, the Gambian government has implemented several public health programs to improve the health and well-being of its citizens. These programs are supported by international organizations and partners such as the World Bank, WHO, UNICEF and the Global Fund. Below are some of the public health programs implemented in The Gambia.

1. Malaria eradication programme

The National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) was established in 2000 to reduce the burden of malaria in The Gambia. The program aims to reduce malaria incidence by 75% and malaria-related deaths by 50% by 2020. To achieve this goal, the NMCP has implemented various malaria control interventions such as indoor residual spraying (IRS), insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and the rapid diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases.

The IRS is deployed annually, targeting households in high-risk areas with insecticides to kill the mosquitoes that carry the malaria parasite. ITNs are distributed to pregnant women and children under five who are most vulnerable to malaria. The NMCP also provides training to health professionals on the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases and raises community awareness and support for the importance of malaria prevention and control.

2. Tuberculosis eradication program

The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) was established in 1992 to reduce the burden of tuberculosis in The Gambia. NTP aims to reduce TB incidence by 50% and TB-related deaths by 75% by 2020. To achieve this goal, NTP has implemented various TB control interventions, including early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis cases, contact tracing and preventive treatment.

NTP also introduced the use of GeneXpert machines for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis, which greatly improved the detection of tuberculosis cases. The program provides patients with free TB drugs and monitors their treatment to ensure compliance. NTP also conducts community awareness and advocacy on the importance of TB prevention and control.

3. HIV/AIDS Control Program

The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) was established in 1987 to reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS in The Gambia. NACP aims to reduce the incidence of new HIV infections and HIV-related deaths by 80% by 2020. To achieve this goal, NACP has implemented several HIV/AIDS control interventions, including prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). , voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART).

The PMTCT program provides antiretroviral drugs to pregnant women living with HIV to help prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The VCT program provides free HIV counseling and testing services to the general public. The ART program provides patients with free HIV medication and monitors their treatment to ensure adherence. NACP also conducts community awareness and advocacy on the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.

4. Diet plan

The National Nutrition Agency (NaNA) was established in 2000 to improve the nutritional status of Gambians, especially women and children. NaNA aims to reduce the incidence of malnutrition among children under the age of five by 50% by 2020. To achieve this goal, NaNA has implemented various nutrition interventions, including the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, distribution of vitamin A supplements and of local treatment of acute malnutrition (CMAM).

The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding aims to increase the number of children who are exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life, which has a number of health benefits, including reducing the risk of malnutrition. The distribution of vitamin A supplements aims to reduce the incidence of vitamin A deficiency, which can lead to blindness and increased susceptibility to infection. The CMAM program provides treatment for acutely malnourished children through the use of prepared medicated foods.

5. Mother and Child Health Program

The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Program was established to improve the health and well-being of mothers and children in The Gambia. The MCH program aims to reduce maternal and child mortality by improving access to quality health care services. To achieve this goal, the MCH program has implemented various interventions, such as providing free maternal and child health services, promoting family planning, and preventing and treating obstetric complications.

The MCH program provides free prenatal care, delivery services, and postnatal care for pregnant women and newborns. Promoting family planning aims to improve maternal and child health outcomes by allowing women to choose when and how far apart their pregnancies are. Prevention and treatment of obstetric complications aims to reduce maternal and child mortality by identifying and treating complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

Application

Public health programs are essential to improving the health and well-being of the population. Many public health programs have been implemented in The Gambia to address specific health issues such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malnutrition and maternal and child health. These programs are supported by international organizations and partners and have significantly improved health outcomes in The Gambia. However, continued efforts are still needed to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of these programs. The government, in collaboration with international partners, must continue to invest in public health programs to achieve better health outcomes for the Gambian people.

Entrance

The Gambia is a West African country known for its unique cultural heritage and the legendary Gambia River, which is a way of life for many Gambians. Despite its small size, The Gambia faces countless health challenges that are of great concern to public health professionals. Most of the health problems in The Gambia are due to preventable diseases, malnutrition and lack of basic health care. In this article, we will look at the health challenges in The Gambia, their causes and possible solutions to improve the health of Gambians.

Infectious disease

The Gambia is a tropical country with a hot and humid climate, which favors the spread of infectious diseases. The most common infectious diseases in The Gambia are malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and diarrheal diseases. These diseases are responsible for a large number of morbidity and mortality among Gambians. Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in The Gambia, accounting for 20% of all hospital admissions and 25% of all deaths in children under five. This high incidence of malaria is due to the geographical location of the country, which is in a malaria endemic zone.

Tuberculosis is also a major public health problem in The Gambia, accounting for approximately 9% of all hospital admissions and 11% of all deaths. The prevalence of tuberculosis is high due to the high burden of HIV/AIDS in The Gambia, which weakens the immune system, making people more vulnerable to opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in The Gambia is low at 1.9%, but this still translates into a significant number of people affected by the disease.

Diarrheal diseases are another serious problem in The Gambia, accounting for more than 15% of all hospital admissions and 20% of all deaths. The main causes of diarrheal diseases in The Gambia are poor sanitation, inadequate access to clean water and lack of proper hygiene practices. These factors make Gambians vulnerable to waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever.

Malnutrition

Malnutrition is a major public health problem in The Gambia, with approximately 10% of children under the age of five suffering from acute malnutrition and 19% experiencing chronic malnutrition. Malnutrition is caused by not getting enough nutrients, especially protein and vitamins, which are essential for children's growth and development. The main causes of malnutrition in The Gambia are poverty, inadequate access to health care and a lack of education on proper nutritional practices.

Malnutrition has long-term consequences for children's health, leading to stunted growth, weakened immune systems and reduced cognitive function. These consequences not only affect the health of individuals, but also have a significant social and economic impact on the entire country.

Mother and baby health

Maternal and child health is another major public health challenge in The Gambia, with high maternal and infant mortality rates. The maternal mortality rate in The Gambia is 614 per 100,000 live births and the infant mortality rate is 43 per 1,000 live births. The leading causes of maternal and infant mortality are preventable and treatable conditions such as obstetric haemorrhage, sepsis and preterm birth.

High maternal and infant mortality rates in The Gambia are due to lack of access to basic health services, poor quality of care and inadequate staffing of health facilities. The country also lacks qualified health professionals, with only 1.6 health professionals per 1,000 population. This shortage of health workers makes it difficult to provide quality health services to the people of The Gambia.

Choroby niezakaźne

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming an increasing health concern in The Gambia, with an estimated 47% of deaths attributable to NCDs. The most common noncommunicable diseases in The Gambia are cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. The main risk factors for NCDs in The Gambia are smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity.

The high prevalence of NCDs in The Gambia has been attributed to changing lifestyles among Gambians characterized by high consumption of processed foods, physical inactivity and smoking. Lack of access to health education and preventive health care services exacerbates the impact of NCDs in The Gambia.

Health system challenges

The health care system in The Gambia faces many challenges that make it difficult to provide high quality health care services to the people of The Gambia. The health care system is characterized by insufficient funding, inadequate staffing of health care facilities, and a lack of basic medical equipment and supplies. The government spends only 5% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, which is insufficient to provide quality health services to the population.

The shortage of health workers in the country is a major challenge, with only 1.6 health workers per 1,000 inhabitants. This shortage of health workers hinders the provision of high-quality health care services to the population, especially in rural areas. The health care system also lacks basic equipment and supplies, such as drugs, laboratory equipment and surgical instruments. This lack of equipment and supplies prevents the provision of basic health services to the population.

Application

In summary, The Gambia faces countless health challenges ranging from infectious diseases, malnutrition, maternal and child health, non-communicable diseases and health system challenges. Addressing these health challenges requires concerted efforts by government, health professionals and the general public. The government needs to invest more in the health system, increasing funding and implementing policies to improve the health of Gambians.

Health professionals must be properly trained and equipped with the necessary tools and knowledge to provide Gambians with quality health care services. The general public should also be educated on health promotion and disease prevention practices to reduce the burden of disease in the country. Only by working together can we improve the health of Gambians and ensure a healthier future for future generations.

1. What is the literacy rate in The Gambia?
A. 55%
B. 65%
C. 75%
D. 85%

2. What is the official language of instruction in Gambian schools?
A. English language
B. French
C. Arabic
D. Wolof

3. What is the main source of funding for the Gambian education system?
A. Taxable Income
B. Sponsorship Support
C. Private Investors
D. None of the above

4. How many years of compulsory education are there in The Gambia?
A. 6 years
B. 8 years
C. 10 years
D. 12 lat

5. What is the average life expectancy in The Gambia?
A. 48 years old
B. 55 years old
C. 62 years old
D. 69 lat

6. What are the two leading causes of death in The Gambia?
A. Malaria and HIV/AIDS
B. Heart diseases and cancer
C. Traffic accidents and respiratory infections
D. Diabetes and stroke

7. What is the name of the national health insurance system in The Gambia?
A. National Health Service
B. Health for all
C. Gambia Health Insurance
D. None of the above

8. In what year was Gambia's primary care strategy implemented?
A. 1965
B. 1978
C. 1990
D. 2005

9. What percentage of births in The Gambia take place in health care facilities?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%

10. What is the leading cause of disability in The Gambia?
A. Blindness
B. Deafness
C. Mental illness
D. Physical disability due to infectious diseases

Introduction to Gambia

The Gambia is a small country located in West Africa that borders Senegal to the north, east and south, and has a small coastline on the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The Gambia gained independence from Britain in 1965 and has been a politically stable country ever since. The Gambia's economy is mainly based on agriculture, with fishing also playing an important role. Despite being one of the poorest countries in Africa, The Gambia is culturally rich with a variety of traditions and customs where music and dance play an important role. In this article, we will explore the relationship between music and dance in relation to the introduction of The Gambia.

Music in Gambia

Music in The Gambia is an integral part of the country's culture and tradition. The different ethnic groups that make up the country have contributed to different musical genres. Music in the Gambia includes traditional and modern genres that have evolved over time. Traditional music is mainly performed during cultural events such as weddings, ceremonies and festivals. On the other hand, contemporary music in the Gambia is influenced by modern western sounds such as pop, hip hop and rap. Notable Gambian musical artists include Ifang Bondi, Jaliba Kuyateh and Tata Dindin.

Traditional music in The Gambia is dominated by the kora, a stringed instrument central to the culture of the Mandinka people. Cora is played by griots, members of the musician caste, who are often seen as cultural custodians and genealogists. The kora has 21 strings and is played by plucking the strings with both hands, creating a unique sound that is vibrant and resonant. The bark is used to accompany storytelling, dancing and singing. Other traditional instruments include the balafon, which is similar to the xylophone, the djembe, a drum played with the bare hands, and the talking drum, which is used for communication.

The sabar drum dominates Wolof music. The sabar drum is a form of dance music that originated in Senegal but is also popular in The Gambia. It is played with a set of three drums, each of which has a different role in creating the overall rhythm. Sabar music is usually accompanied by energetic dance moves that include movements of the pelvis and shoulders. These movements are designed to show the skill and agility of the dancer.

In addition to traditional music, contemporary music is becoming increasingly popular in The Gambia, especially among the youth. The influence of Western contemporary music is evident in genres such as hip hop, rap, reggae and pop, which have gained considerable popularity in the country. These genres often include traditional instruments such as the kora and balafon, giving them a unique and distinct sound rooted in the country's cultural heritage.

Dancing in the Gambia

Dance, like music, has played an integral role in Gambian culture and traditions. Different ethnic groups have created different forms of dances that are performed on special occasions such as weddings, ceremonies and festivals. Dance is used to express joy, sadness and a wide range of emotions.

The traditional dance of the Volof people is called sambar and is usually performed at weddings and traditional festivals. The dance is accompanied by the playing of sambar drums and includes intricate footwork, energetic movements and acrobatic displays. Sabar dance is characterized by a fast tempo and the ability of the dancers to move their hips and arms in rhythmic and expressive ways.

Another popular dance in The Gambia is the kankurang dance performed by the Mandinka people. The name of the dance comes from a popular masked figure known as Kankurang. Kankurang is a mythical figure believed to have the ability to scare away evil spirits. During cultural ceremonies, a group of men wear Kankurang masks and perform a kankurang dance accompanied by drums and singing.

The Yankadi dance is another traditional dance popular in The Gambia. Originally from Guinea, it has become popular in The Gambia, especially among the Madinka. The dance involves couples with each dancer having a partner. The dance movements are slow and gentle and are meant to convey feelings of affection and love.

In addition to traditional dances, modern dance forms have become popular in The Gambia, especially among the youth. These dance forms include hip hop, breakdancing and fusion dance. In recent years, breakdancing has become increasingly popular in The Gambia, and many dance groups have been established in major cities such as Banjul and Serekunda.

Application

In conclusion, music and dance are an essential part of Gambian culture and tradition. Traditional music, which includes kora, sambar drums and other traditional instruments, is still common and used in addition to dancing and storytelling. Contemporary music genres such as hip hop, rap and pop are also popular and often incorporate traditional elements, giving them a unique and distinctive sound. Traditional dances such as sabar, kankurang and yankadi are still performed at cultural events and festivals, while modern dance forms such as hip hop and breakdancing have gained popularity among young people. Overall, music and dance play an essential role in shaping Gambian identity and cultural heritage.

Entrance

The Gambia is a small African country located in West Africa. It borders Senegal to the north, east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The Gambia's population is estimated to be around two million and consists of various ethnic groups, such as the Mandinka, Wolof, Fula and Jola, among others. Gambia's history is rich in a variety of cultural practices, including traditional crafts that have been passed down from generation to generation. These handicrafts are an integral part of the Gambia's cultural heritage and have contributed significantly to the country's economy. This article aims to explore the traditional arts of the Gambia, their importance and evolution over the years.

Types of traditional crafts in The Gambia

Basket weaving

Wicker is one of the oldest traditional arts in The Gambia. Gambia's warm climate and abundance of suitable raw materials have made basketry an important part of the country's cultural heritage. The baskets are made from various materials such as bamboo, palm leaves, sisal and sugarcane. They serve various purposes such as storage, transportation and home decoration. Baskets come in various shapes, sizes and designs, depending on their specific use and the creativity of the craftsman. Basket weaving is a skill that is often passed down from generation to generation and is a common practice among women in rural areas.

Ceramics

Pottery is another traditional art in The Gambia that has been practiced for centuries. The potter's wheel was brought to Gambia by the Portuguese in the 15th century. However, the traditional form of pottery making is still common in most rural areas of the country. The process involves molding the clay into various forms using hands and traditional tools. Pots are often used for cooking, storage and decoration. Potters use a variety of techniques to create unique patterns and designs on pots, using different colors and glazes.

Wood carving

Wood carving is a traditional art in The Gambia that has been practiced for many centuries. The Gambia's vast forest reserves provide a constant supply of wood suitable for carving, making it an integral part of the country's cultural heritage. Wood carving in The Gambia is known for its intricate designs and attention to detail. Artisans use traditional tools and techniques to create sculptures, masks and other decorative items. Wood carvings are often used for aesthetic purposes as well as functional purposes such as furniture and household items.

Gallantry Skorzan

Leather goods is a traditional craft in The Gambia that has been practiced for centuries. The Gambia's livestock and agricultural sector provides artisans with a unique opportunity to use the skins of various animals, including cows, goats and sheep. The leather is used to make a wide range of items such as bags, purses, belts and shoes. Leather artisans use traditional techniques, including hand stitching, to create unique and durable leather goods.

Weave

Weaving is a traditional art in The Gambia that has been practiced for many centuries. The country has a rich tradition of textile weaving using a variety of materials and techniques. The process of weaving often involves the use of a traditional loom where threads are woven together to create various patterns and designs. Textiles are often used for clothing, interior decoration and other fashion accessories.

Jewellery making

Jewelry making is a traditional art in The Gambia that has been practiced by women for centuries. Artisans use a variety of materials such as beads, shells and stones to create unique and beautiful jewelry. Jewelry is often used as a form of adornment as well as for religious and cultural purposes. The jewelry making process is often passed down from generation to generation and is a common practice among women in rural areas.

Importance of traditional handicrafts in Gambia

Traditional crafts play a key role in the country's cultural heritage and identity. Handicrafts have been passed down from generation to generation and have become an integral part of local societies. Traditional crafts have also contributed significantly to the country's economy, providing employment opportunities for many Gambians, especially in rural areas. In addition, traditional craftsmanship has allowed artisans to earn a living while maintaining traditional practices and techniques.

Traditional arts also play a vital role in promoting tourism in The Gambia. Tourists are often attracted by the country's rich cultural heritage, including traditional handicrafts. Tourists can buy traditional handicrafts as souvenirs, contributing to the local economy while preserving local traditions.

Evolution of traditional handicrafts in the Gambia

Over the years, traditional handicrafts in The Gambia have evolved to meet modern demands while maintaining their traditional aspects. Artisans incorporate modern techniques and designs into traditional crafts, making them more appealing to a wider market. Some traditional arts, such as basketry and pottery, have been modernized to meet modern standards, using new materials and techniques.

The government has played an important role in the promotion and preservation of traditional crafts in The Gambia. The government has established craft centers and cooperatives where artisans can sell their crafts and receive training and support to improve their skills. The government also provided loans and grants to artisans to develop their businesses, promoting sustainable livelihoods while preserving traditional crafts. In addition, the government has created a policy to protect the intellectual property rights of traditional crafts, ensuring that they are not used by others without compensation.

Application

Traditional arts play a key role in Gambia's cultural heritage, identity and economy. The variety of traditional crafts in The Gambia, such as basket weaving, pottery, wood carving, leather goods, weaving and jewelry making, have been passed down from generation to generation and have contributed significantly to the country's cultural wealth. Traditional craftsmanship has evolved over the years to meet new demands while maintaining its traditional aspects. The government has played a key role in the promotion and preservation of traditional crafts in The Gambia, enabling artisans to earn a living while maintaining traditional practices and techniques. Traditional handicrafts in The Gambia are not only aesthetically pleasing, but also have great cultural significance and a place in the country's history.

Literature and poetry in relation to introduction to the Gambia

The smallest country on the African continent, The Gambia has a rich and varied literary and poetic tradition. This West African nation has a long and fascinating history of cultural exchange, creative expression and storytelling, reflected in its literature and poetry. This article explores the literary and poetic tradition of The Gambia and its relationship to the country's history, culture and identity.

History

The Gambia has a long history of cultural and artistic exchange dating back to the medieval period when it was part of the West African empire of Mali. At that time, storytelling, music and poetry were important means of conveying history and cultural identity. The griots, or traditional poets of West Africa, were highly respected figures in society and played an important role in preserving the historical and cultural heritage of their people.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, European colonization of Africa had a profound effect on Gambian literary and poetic traditions. European languages ​​such as English and French were introduced and literary forms such as novels and poetry were introduced. However, African writers and poets began to combine these Western literary traditions with their own, resulting in a rich and distinct literary culture.

civilization

The Gambia's literary and poetic tradition is closely linked to its culture, which is characterized by a diverse mix of ethnic groups, religions and languages. The Wolof, Mandinka, Fulani and Jola are among the many ethnic groups that make up the population of The Gambia. These groups have their own cultural traditions, languages ​​and expressions that are evident in Gambian literature and poetry.

Oral tradition is an important part of Gambian literary culture. Storytelling, songs and proverbs are commonly used to convey cultural knowledge, values ​​and identity. In addition, the country's vibrant music scene, influenced by a variety of African and Western musical styles, is an important aspect of its cultural identity.

ID card

The Gambia's literary and poetic tradition is closely linked to the country's identity, which has evolved over time in response to various historical, cultural and social factors. The literature and poetry of this country reflect the struggles and triumphs of its people, as well as their aspirations and hopes for the future.

One of the key themes in Gambian literature and poetry is the struggle for independence, which was achieved in 1965. Writers such as Lenrie Peters, Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka played an important role in promoting anti-colonial sentiment and African nationalism through of their writing. In addition, post-independence Gambian literature deals with issues such as identity, ethnicity, gender and social justice.

Bibliography

Gambian literature is diverse and covers a wide range of genres, including novels, poetry, drama, short stories and oral literature. The country's literary tradition began to take shape at the beginning of the 20th century with the publication of the first newspapers and literary magazines. However, it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that Gambian literature began to gain wider recognition.

One of the most important writers in the Gambian literary tradition is Lenry Peters. Peters, born in Gambia in 1932 and died in 2009, was a poet and novelist widely regarded as the father of Gambian literature. His poetry and novels deal with themes such as identity, love and social justice and are characterized by a simple, direct style and use of everyday language.

Another important writer in the Gambian literary tradition is Tiyan M. Salah. Sallah, born in 1958, is a prolific writer who has published many works including novels, short stories and poetry collections. His writing touches on themes such as identity, memory and social change and is characterized by a unique blend of African and Western literary traditions.

Poetry

Poetry is an important part of the Gambian literary tradition and has been used for centuries as a means of transmitting cultural knowledge, values ​​and identity. The country's poetic tradition is characterized by a rich use of imagery, metaphor and symbolism, as well as an emphasis on oral performance and social engagement.

One of the most famous Gambian poets is Gabriel Okara. Okara, born in Nigeria in 1921 and living for many years in The Gambia, is widely regarded as one of Africa's greatest poets. His poetry deals with universal themes such as love, identity and the human condition and is characterized by the use of metaphor, lyricism and musicality.

Another important Gambian poet is the aforementioned Lenri Peters. Peters' poetry is characterized by simplicity and directness, often using everyday language and imagery to explore universal themes such as love, death and identity.

Application

Overall, The Gambia's literary and poetic tradition is a fascinating and diverse reflection of the country's history, culture and identity. The country's literary culture has evolved over time in response to various historical, cultural and social factors and is characterized by a unique blend of African and Western literary traditions. Gambian literature and poetry reflect the struggles and triumphs of its people, as well as their aspirations and hopes for the future, and are a source of inspiration and pride for Gambians around the world.

Entrance

The Gambia is a small country in West Africa, located along the Atlantic coast and surrounded by Senegal. It is famous for its friendly people, beautiful beaches and vibrant culture. The country has a rich history, diverse traditions and unique festivals and celebrations that highlight its cultural heritage. This article discusses festivals and celebrations in The Gambia and what they mean to the people.

Kankurang Festival

The Kankurang festival is one of the most important cultural festivals in The Gambia. Nationally celebrated by the Mandinka ethnic group, it is the time when young boys are initiated into manhood. The festival takes place in January or February and lasts for several weeks. The main attraction of the festival is the Kankurang mask worn by the novices. The mask is made of wood and covered with leaves, with holes for the eyes and mouth. Initiates wear masks and dress in traditional clothing as they walk the streets of their villages. The goal is to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck to the community.

The Kankurang festival has a deep meaning in Gambian culture. It marks the transition of young boys into adulthood and is the time when they learn their responsibilities as adults. The festival also reinforces the social values ​​of the community, such as respect for the elderly and the importance of unity. The Kankurang mask symbolizes the community's power to protect against evil forces, and the festival gives people a chance to come together and celebrate their heritage.

Eid-ul-Fitr

Eid-ul-Fitr is an Islamic holiday that ends Ramadan, the month of fasting. It is celebrated by Muslims all over the world, including The Gambia. The festival takes place in the month of Shawwal, which is the tenth month of the Muslim calendar. It lasts three days and is a time of celebration, feasting and prayer.

Eid-ul-Fitr is an important celebration in The Gambia as it brings together Muslims from different parts of the country. The celebration is marked by special prayers held in mosques and open spaces. After the prayers, people gather with their families and friends to share food and exchange gifts. The traditional dish of the festival is 'fufu and domoda', which is a mixture of mashed yams and peanuts.

Eid-ul-Fitr has a deep meaning in Gambian culture. It is a time of reflection and gratitude as Muslims thank God for the blessings of Ramadan. The festival also emphasizes the importance of family and community as people come together to celebrate and support each other.

Koritis Festival

Koriteh is another important festival in Gambian culture. It is celebrated by Muslims at the end of Ramadan and takes place on the first day of the Islamic month of Shawwal. The feast is a time of prayer, feasting and giving to the poor.

Koriteh is characterized by special prayers held in mosques and open spaces. After the prayers, people gather to celebrate with food and music. The traditional dish of the festival is "benahin", which is a rice dish cooked in a spicy tomato sauce and served with fish or meat.

Koriteh has a deep meaning in Gambian culture. It is a time of renewal and forgiveness as Muslims seek to cleanse themselves of their sins and start anew. The festival also reinforces the values ​​of charity and compassion that Muslims offer to the poor and needy in their communities.

Independence Day

Independence Day is a national holiday in The Gambia, celebrated annually on February 18. It is the day of the country's independence from British colonial rule in 1965. The day is a time of national pride and celebration, with parades, speeches and traditional dances.

The main event of Independence Day is the parade held in the capital Banjul. Members of the armed forces, school students, cultural groups and government officials participate in the parade. There are also talks and performances by musicians and dancers, showcasing the country's rich cultural heritage.

Independence Day has deep meaning in Gambian culture. It represents the country's struggle for freedom and independence and the sacrifices its people made to achieve it. This day is a time to celebrate the country's achievements and look to a brighter future.

Christmas

Christmas is celebrated by Christians in The Gambia and is a time of joy and celebration. Although Christians are a minority in the country, this holiday is widely recognized and celebrated by people of all faiths. The festival takes place on December 25 and is characterized by special services, feasting and donations.

The main event of Christmas is the service that takes place on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day. The service is characterized by singing, prayers and religious readings. After the service, families gather to feast on traditional foods such as 'jollof rice' and 'soupou kandja', a dish of okra and fish.

Christmas has deep meaning in Gambian culture. It represents the birth of Jesus Christ, the central figure of the Christian faith. The festival also emphasizes the importance of family and community as people come together to celebrate and share their love for one another.

Application

Festivals and celebrations are an important part of Gambian culture. They represent the rich traditions and heritage of the country and reinforce the values ​​of community, unity and respect. Festivals and celebrations in The Gambia give people a chance to come together and celebrate their differences while highlighting their commonalities. Through these festivals and celebrations, Gambians celebrate their past, present and future and look forward to a better tomorrow.

1. What is the official language of The Gambia?
English
B) French
C) Arabic
D) Portuguese

2. What instrument is commonly used in traditional Gambian music?
Plan
B) Guitars
C) Xylophone
D) Drums

3. What is the name of the traditional sport of wrestling in The Gambia?
A) Judo
B) Karate
C) Kamba Karate
D) Battle

4. What is the name of the traditional Gambian dance in which women gracefully move their hips and arms?
a) wrong
B) Rambi
C) At the door
D) Bati Bala

5. Which famous Gambian musician composed the song 'Gambia, Gambia', which eventually became the national anthem of The Gambia?
Α) Amadou Bansang Jobarteh
Β) I'll Love You
Γ) Sona Jobarteh
Δ) Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara

6. What is the name of Gambia's oldest national cultural festival?
Α) Festiwal Roots Homecoming
B) Mangrove Fishermen Festival
C) Kanilai International Cultural Festival
D) Janjanbureh Kankurang Festival

7. What is the name of the famous Gambian writer, author of the novel "The Secret of the Crocodile Pool"?
A) Mariama Ba
B) Chinua Achebe
Γ) Buchi Emecheta
Δ) Baba Galleh Jallow

Answers: 1A, 2C, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6A, 7D

Entrance

The Gambia is a small country in West Africa, also known as the smiling coast of Africa. It borders Senegal on three sides and the Atlantic Ocean on the fourth. The country has a rich culture, history and attracts many tourists to its shores. The majority of tourists coming to The Gambia are European, with the British and Germans being the most numerous. The country is a great place to relax and unwind, and there is plenty to see and do. This article provides a comprehensive guide to Gambia tourist attractions.

Beaches

The Gambia is blessed with stunning beaches that are ideal for those looking for a relaxing holiday. The most popular beach is Kololi, which is located on the Atlantic coast. It is dotted with many bars, restaurants and has a lively nightlife. This beach is also home to some of the most luxurious hotels and resorts in the country.

Another popular beach spot is Fajara Beach, famous for its calm waters and tranquility. It is also home to many luxury hotels and resorts, as well as many bars and restaurants. Tanji Beach is another popular destination for tourists who come to see the traditional fishing villages, colorful boats and seafood restaurants.

Nature reserves

People who love nature and wildlife will find The Gambia an exciting place to visit. The country's most famous reserve is the Gambia River National Park. The park covers more than 5,800 square kilometers and is home to more than 560 species of birds and a variety of animals, including baboons, chimpanzees and hyenas.

Kiang West National Park is another wilderness area that covers about 11,000 hectares. Visitors can explore the park on foot or by car and see some of the animals that live there, including wild boars, baboons and rare birds.

Abuko Nature Reserve is a must for bird watchers. The sanctuary is home to over 300 species of birds and other animals such as monkeys and crocodiles.

Museums

The Gambia has a rich cultural heritage and tourists can learn about it by visiting the various museums scattered around the country. The Banjul National Museum houses artifacts and exhibits depicting the country's history and culture, including traditional masks, musical instruments, and textiles.

The Kachikally Museum and Crocodile Pool are also worth a visit as they give an insight into the country's spirituality and traditions. The museum is located in the small town of Bakau and has a collection of artefacts related to Gambian culture and history.

Albert's Market

Albert Market is a popular spot with tourists visiting The Gambia. It is the largest market in Banjul and is famous for its many shops and stalls selling a wide range of products such as arts, crafts, textiles and other souvenirs.

Visitors can also find fresh products such as fish and fruit and clothes at very affordable prices. The market is a vibrant and lively place where visitors can learn about the different cultures and traditions of the country.

Juffureh and James Island

Juffureh and James Island are two major landmarks in The Gambia that attract many tourists. They became famous from the novel Roots, written by Alex Haley, which tells the story of the African slave trade.

Juffureh is a small village famous for its ties to Kunta Kinte, the hero of Roots. Visitors can explore the village and see the traditional houses and other attractions featured in the book. They can also interact with the villagers and learn about their culture and lifestyle.

James Island, also known as Kunda Kinde Island, is located in the Gambia River and was an important center for the slave trade in the 18th and 19th centuries. Visitors can explore the island and learn about its history and the role it played in the slave trade.

Application

The Gambia has a lot to offer visitors who come to experience its natural beauty, rich culture and warm hospitality. The country's beaches, nature reserves, museums, markets and historical landmarks are just some of the main attractions that make it a great destination for tourists.

Visitors can also enjoy various activities such as fishing, boating, bird watching and cultural festivals. The Gambia is a safe and friendly country with lots to see and do. This article provides an overview of some of the top tourist attractions in The Gambia.

Accommodation in Gambia

The Gambia is an amazing West African country that is rich in culture and has a vibrant tourism industry. With its beaches, wildlife, natural parks and gorgeous scenery, it's no wonder visitors flock to this country. The Gambia offers a wide range of accommodation options to meet the diverse needs of visitors, from budget hostels to luxury hotels. This article looks at the different options, their benefits and suitability for different types of visitors.

Affordable accommodation

If you're traveling on a budget, The Gambia has plenty of affordable accommodation options to suit your needs. These budget options provide a comfortable stay with basic amenities at affordable prices for even the frugal traveler.

Hotel

Hostels are a great option for backpackers or people looking for affordable accommodation options. There are several hostels in The Gambia that offer affordable options, especially for young travelers or those traveling in groups. Gambia hostels offer comfortable accommodation with shared rooms, kitchens and common areas. These areas provide socialization and make it easy for backpackers or groups to meet and mingle.

One of the most popular guest houses in The Gambia is the Lemon Creek Hotel, located on a lagoon that attracts many birds. The guesthouse offers free Wi-Fi and private rooms for couples who need privacy. It also provides free parking and free breakfast.

Private accommodation

If you prefer privacy or are traveling with your family, The Gambia has many options of private accommodation that you can rent. These options include apartments and villas, as well as guest house rooms.

pensions

The guesthouse is an ideal choice for those who want to experience the local, authentic culture of The Gambia. It is usually located in the heart of the neighborhood where the owners live. Hostels often have communal areas, such as kitchens and dining rooms, where you can socialize with other guests.

Most hostels offer one or two bedroom apartments, which are ideal for those traveling with family or large groups. For example, Kombo Beach Hotel, located in the heart of Kotu Beach, offers a two-bedroom apartment with its own balcony, living room and kitchenette. You can prepare your own meals if you don't feel like eating out.

Wille

Villas are a great option if you prefer more privacy and luxury. They offer more space, more bedrooms and bathrooms, which makes them ideal for families or groups of friends. Villas tend to be larger and more sophisticated than guesthouses, with separate living rooms, dining rooms and swimming pools.

One option is a pool villa located in Brufut Heights. The villa offers three spacious bedrooms with state-of-the-art bathrooms and outdoor bathrooms. The villa offers a fully equipped kitchen, a living room and a terrace with a beautiful private pool.

Mid-range accommodation

Visitors looking for more comfort without breaking the bank can opt for mid-range accommodations. These facilities are more expensive than budget accommodation and usually offer more services and facilities. They are aimed at business travelers, international travelers and those who want to spend their holidays in style.

Hotel

The Gambia has many mid-range hotels that offer comfortable accommodation with a wide variety of amenities. These hotels range from tropical designs to colonial-style buildings, with well-appointed and spacious rooms and in-house restaurants offering Western and African cuisine.

A notable hotel is The Ocean Bay Hotel & Resort in Bacau. The hotel is located on the beach and offers elegant rooms with stunning views of the Atlantic Ocean. Ocean Bay offers excellent recreational facilities, including an outdoor pool and a full-service spa.

Luxury accommodation

Luxury accommodations are for guests who want to enjoy high-end amenities, great locations, and great service. This is the best choice for those who want to go crazy and create unforgettable memories.

Resorts

The Gambia has some of the best luxury resorts in West Africa, offering a blend of African and Western luxury. These resorts offer luxurious accommodation while blending with the natural setting for an authentic African experience. Most of these resorts are located near the beach where guests can swim, sunbathe and explore the area.

One of the top resorts is the Coco Ocean Resort & Spa in Bijilo, which offers luxurious accommodation, fine dining and a first-class spa. The resort offers 3 outdoor swimming pools, a private white sand beach and water sports facilities. In addition, the rooms have marble bathrooms, balconies and comfortable living areas.

Application

Overall, The Gambia offers a range of accommodation options that can meet the different needs of visitors. Whether you're traveling on a budget or in luxury, The Gambia has something for everyone. Notable budget options for visitors include guesthouses and B&Bs, while for mid-range travelers hotels would be a great option. Guests looking for a luxurious stay can choose resorts or villas where the experience is linked to private pools, spas and exotic beaches. Overall, the accommodation options in The Gambia will provide all visitors with a comfortable and memorable experience.

Entrance:

The Gambia is a small country located in West Africa, bordered by Senegal to the north, south and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country covers an area of ​​10,689 square kilometers and is inhabited by approximately 2.3 million people. The official language of The Gambia is English and the currency of the country is the Gambian Dalasi. The Gambia has a variety of natural attractions and a rich cultural heritage, making it an ideal travel destination.

This article highlights the various activities that visitors can participate in during their stay in The Gambia. These activities include cultural tours, wildlife safaris, beach tourism, water sports and adventure activities. Each of these activities will be discussed in detail, highlighting their importance and how best to participate in The Gambia.

Cultural tours:

One of the highlights of a visit to The Gambia is the opportunity to experience the country's rich culture and traditions. There are many cultural tours available in The Gambia, allowing visitors to explore the country's cultural heritage.

One of the most famous cultural tours in The Gambia is the Roots Tour. This tour takes guests to visit Kunta Kinte Island and the nearby village of Juffureh, where the famous book and movie Roots originated. The tour gives visitors an insight into the history of the country and the slave trade that took place in the area.

Another cultural tour is the Banjul city tour. This tour allows visitors to explore Banjul, the capital of The Gambia. The city has a rich history dating back to the colonial period when it served as a British trading post. The route takes visitors past various colonial buildings and landmarks, including the National Museum, Arch 22 and the State House.

Other cultural tours in The Gambia include Janjangbureh Island Tour, Brikama Craft Market Tour and Wassu Stone Circles Tour. Visitors can join these tours individually or as part of a group.

Wildlife Safari:

The Gambia is home to a wide variety of wildlife, making it an ideal destination for wildlife enthusiasts. Visitors can participate in safaris that allow them to see and interact with wildlife in their natural habitat.

One of the most popular safaris in the Gambia is the Gambia River National Park safari. The park is home to many species of wildlife, including chimpanzees, hippos and crocodiles. The safari takes guests on a boat ride down the Gambia River, allowing them to see wildlife up close.

Another popular safari is the Abuko Wildlife Sanctuary. The sanctuary is home to many species of birds, monkeys and reptiles. The safari takes guests through mangrove swamps and rainforests, allowing them to see wildlife in their natural habitat.

Guests can also join a bird watching safari that takes them to various game reserves and bird parks in The Gambia. Some of the notable bird watching spots in Gambia are Tanji Bird Sanctuary, Kotu Stream and Bijilo Forest Park.

Beach tourism:

The Gambia has over 80 kilometers of coastline, making it an ideal destination for beach tourism. The country's beaches are famous for their pristine waters and sandy shores that attract locals and tourists alike.

One of the most popular beaches in The Gambia is Kololi Beach. The beach is located in the heart of Serrekunda and is surrounded by restaurants, bars and hotels. Guests can participate in a variety of beach activities, including beach volleyball, sunbathing and swimming.

Another popular beach in The Gambia is Cape Point Beach. The beach is located at the tip of the Cape Point peninsula and offers visitors a scenic view of the Atlantic Ocean. Guests can participate in a variety of beach activities including surfing, swimming and fishing.

Other notable beaches in The Gambia include Brufut Beach, Bijilo Beach and Gunjur Beach. Guests can participate in beach activities individually or in groups.

Sea sports:

Gambia's beaches and waterways offer visitors the opportunity to practice water sports. These activities include surfing, windsurfing, kiteboarding and water skiing.

One of the most popular water sports in The Gambia is fishing. The country's rivers and coasts are home to a wide variety of fish, including barracuda, tilapia and snapper. Guests can participate in fishing lessons individually or in groups.

Other notable water sports in The Gambia include kayaking, sailing and canoeing. Visitors can participate in these activities at the various water sports centers available in the country.

Adventure Activities:

The Gambia's natural landscape offers visitors a variety of adventure activities. These activities include walking, cycling and hiking.

One of the most popular adventure activities in The Gambia is the Gambia River trip. This expedition takes visitors on a journey along the Gambia River, from its source in Guinea to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean. Visitors can participate in the mission individually or in groups.

Another popular Gambian adventure is the Abuko Wildlife Sanctuary Trail. The trail takes visitors through the reserve's rainforests, allowing them to see wildlife and experience the area's natural beauty.

Other notable adventure activities in The Gambia include Wassu Stone Circle Hike, Tumani Tenda Ecotourism Camp and Kachikally Crocodile Pool Tour. Visitors can participate in these activities individually or as part of a group.

Application:

Overall, The Gambia offers visitors a variety of activities that cater to a wide variety of interests. Visitors can participate in cultural tours, safaris, beach tourism, water sports and adventures. Each of these activities allows visitors to experience and appreciate the country's natural and cultural heritage. Visitors can participate in these activities individually or as part of a group. Therefore, when planning a visit to The Gambia, it is important to consider the various activities available and choose those that suit your interests and preferences.

Entrance
Sustainability is a concept that has gained prominence in recent decades, especially with the increasing impact of human activities on the environment. This term refers to the ability of the system to maintain its resources and quality over time, without adversely affecting the environment. Sustainable development is essential for any society as it ensures efficient management of resources and a fair balance between the needs of present and future generations. Another critical aspect of sustainability is the protection of biodiversity, which ensures that different species and ecosystems can thrive, making the planet habitable for all.

The Gambia is a small country located in West Africa, bordered by Senegal to the north, south and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Despite its small size, the country has a rich and varied culture, with traditions dating back centuries. The country is home to a variety of ethnic groups, the majority of which are Mandinka, Fula and Wolof, and has a relatively young population, with over 60% of Gambians under the age of 25. The Gambia is also known for its rich biodiversity, spanning a variety of habitats including forests, savannas, wetlands and coastal ecosystems. The oceans surrounding the country are home to a variety of marine life that contributes to the country's fishing industry.

Sustainable Development in The Gambia.

Sustainable development in The Gambia is vital given the challenges the country faces in the areas of agriculture, water supply and sanitation, energy, biodiversity and climate change. To ensure a sustainable future, The Gambia has made significant progress towards achieving sustainable development, for example by adopting policies and frameworks to address the country's environmental and socio-economic challenges.

Agriculture:
Agriculture is the backbone of the Gambian economy, with most Gambians earning their living through agriculture. The agricultural sector is dominated by small farmers and women make up the majority of the workforce. However, climate variability and change have affected the Gambia's agricultural sector, leading to low yields and food insecurity. Sustainable agricultural practices such as the use of climate-resilient crop varieties, conservation agriculture and agroforestry can help increase yields while supporting biodiversity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The Gambian government has taken measures to support sustainable agriculture, such as the National Agricultural Investment Plan, which aims to transform the agricultural sector by increasing yields and incomes while promoting sustainable practices. In addition, the government has established community forests that provide farmers with additional income while helping to protect forests.

Water supply and drainage:
Access to clean water and sanitation remains a challenge in The Gambia, with only about 66% of the population having access to safe drinking water and less than 20% having access to improved sanitation. This situation has led to an increase in waterborne diseases, especially in rural areas, affecting the health, education and productivity of Gambians.

The Government of The Gambia has recognized the importance of water and sanitation in achieving sustainable development and has developed policies to address these challenges. A notable policy is the National Water and Sanitation Policy, which prioritizes the provision of safe water and sanitation, especially in rural areas. Other measures include implementing water harvesting technologies, promoting water conservation and creating community sanitation and sanitation projects.

Energy:
The Gambia's energy sector is mainly dominated by traditional biomass, which accounts for over 80% of the country's primary energy consumption. This has led to deforestation, which negatively affects biodiversity and contributes to climate change. Improving access to modern, clean energy technologies such as solar, wind and hydro is essential to promote sustainable development in The Gambia, while reducing reliance on traditional biomass.

The Gambian government has taken measures to promote sustainable energy, such as the National Energy Policy, which aims to increase the rate of electrification while promoting the use of renewable energy sources. In addition, the Rural Electrification Program was implemented to increase access to clean energy in rural areas, support economic activity and improve the quality of life of rural Gambians.

Biodiversity:
The Gambia's biodiversity is under threat due to various factors such as agricultural expansion, deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources and climate change. This in turn affects the ecosystem services the country relies on, such as water purification, climate regulation and soil fertility.

To address these challenges, the Gambian government has developed policies and frameworks to improve biodiversity conservation. A notable policy is the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, which outlines strategies and actions to protect biodiversity, such as creating protected areas, promoting sustainable agriculture, and reducing wildlife trade. In addition, the government has established the Gambia Watershed Development Agency, which aims to promote the sustainable use and management of river basin resources.

Climate change:
The Gambia is highly vulnerable to climate change, with the impact of rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns affecting the country's socio-economic development, especially in the agricultural sector. In addition, natural hazards such as floods, droughts and storm surges are becoming more frequent, further exacerbating the challenges faced by Gambians.

The Gambian government has prioritized climate change and put in place policies and frameworks to increase resilience and adapt to its impacts. They include the National Climate Change Policy, the National Adaptation Action Plan and the Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy. This policy aims to promote sustainable practices such as the use of climate-resilient crop varieties, soil and water protection and improved land use practices.

Application:
Sustainable development is key for The Gambia given the challenges the country faces in various sectors such as agriculture, water and sanitation, energy, biodiversity and climate change. The Government of The Gambia has adopted policies and frameworks to address these challenges with particular emphasis on promoting sustainable practices that enhance socio-economic development while supporting biodiversity and contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, there is a need for continued efforts to ensure sustainable and enhanced progress made in sustainable development for the benefit of current and future generations of Gambians.

1. Which of the following is an accurate description of The Gambia?
a) A landlocked country in West Africa
b) A small country surrounded by Senegal on three sides and the Atlantic Ocean on the fourth
c) Island nation in the Atlantic Ocean

2. The Gambia is a popular tourist destination mainly because of:
a) Big cities and intense nightlife
b) Rich history and cultural heritage
c) Exciting outdoor adventure activities

3. Which of the following is a typical example of cultural tourism in The Gambia?
a) Visit Kachikally crocodile pool and museum
b) Participating in bird watching excursions on the Gambia River
c) Go on safari to see lions and elephants

4. The Gambia is famous for its beach tourism. Which of the following beaches is a popular tourist destination?
a) Tanji Beach
b) Senegambia Beach
c) Tedamba Beach

5. Which of the following attractions in The Gambia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
a) James Island (Kunta Kinteh Island)
b) Abuko Nature Reserve
γ) Kachikally Crocodile Pool Mangrowe

Answers:
1. b) A small country surrounded by Senegal on three sides and the Atlantic Ocean on the fourth
2. b) Rich history and cultural heritage
3. a) Visit Kachikally Crocodile Pool and Museum
4. b) Senegambia Beach
5. a) James Island (Kunda Kindeh Island)

Entrance:

The Gambia is a small country located in West Africa with a population of about 2 million people. Despite its small size, The Gambia has one of the highest poverty rates in the region. According to the World Bank, more than 60% of the Gambian population lives below the poverty line, which is less than $1.90 a day. The poverty rate in rural areas is even higher, with around 70% of the population living in poverty. This article will analyze the causes and effects of poverty in The Gambia, as well as efforts to combat it.

Causes of poverty in The Gambia:

The Gambia faces many challenges that contribute to the high rate of poverty. One of the main causes of poverty in The Gambia is lack of access to education. Education is a key factor in lifting people out of poverty, as it provides people with the skills and knowledge they need to get better-paying jobs. Unfortunately, access to education in The Gambia is limited, especially in rural areas where poverty rates are higher. Many families cannot afford to send their children to school or are forced to take them from school to work and help provide for the family.

Another factor contributing to poverty in The Gambia is the lack of access to clean water and sanitation. According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), only 20% of the rural population in The Gambia has access to safe drinking water and 60% of the rural population does not have access to basic sanitation. This can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases and other health problems that can further exacerbate poverty by limiting a person's ability to work and earn a living.

Poor infrastructure also contributes to poverty in The Gambia. The country has limited transport infrastructure, making it difficult for people to access jobs, services and markets. This can reduce economic mobility, which can contribute to poverty by limiting a person's ability to earn a living.

Finally, political instability is often cited as a cause of poverty in The Gambia. The country has a history of political turmoil and instability, which can discourage foreign investment and prevent the establishment of stable institutions and policies. This can limit economic growth and development, which can further exacerbate poverty by limiting employment opportunities and economic mobility.

Consequences of poverty in The Gambia:

The consequences of poverty in The Gambia are significant and far-reaching. One of the main consequences is food insecurity. Almost half of the Gambian population is classified as food insecure, meaning they do not have enough access to food. This can lead to malnutrition and a range of health problems, especially among children.

Poverty in The Gambia also contributes to poor health outcomes. The country has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the region, with an estimated 64 deaths per 1,000 live births. Similarly, maternal mortality rates in The Gambia are also high, with an estimated 582 deaths per 100,000 live births. Lack of access to health care, malnutrition and other health problems can contribute to these high mortality rates.

Another consequence of poverty in The Gambia is the low level of education. Many children are forced to drop out of school to help their families, which can limit their employment opportunities and economic mobility in the future. This perpetuates the cycle of poverty, limiting the educational attainment and economic prospects of future generations.

Finally, poverty in The Gambia can also contribute to social instability. When people live in poverty, their desperation can lead them to criminal activities. This can contribute to civil unrest and even political instability, with far-reaching consequences for the country and its people.

Efforts to fight poverty in The Gambia:

Despite the challenges, several efforts are being made in The Gambia to fight poverty. One of the main actions is to increase access to education. The Gambian government has implemented various policies to increase access to education, including abolishing school fees and expanding school infrastructure. In addition, there are several Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in The Gambia that provide education and other support services to children and families living in poverty.

Another effort to fight poverty in The Gambia is increasing access to clean water and sanitation. Several NGOs and international organizations are working to increase access to clean water and sanitation, particularly in rural areas where poverty rates are higher. These efforts can reduce the spread of waterborne diseases and improve overall health outcomes for people living in poverty.

Infrastructure development is also an important effort to combat poverty in The Gambia. The Gambian government is investing in transport infrastructure to improve connectivity and increase economic mobility. In addition, the country is investing in energy infrastructure, including the development of solar energy, to increase access to electricity and reduce energy poverty.

Finally, efforts to reduce political instability and increase economic growth and development can also help fight poverty in The Gambia. In recent years, the country has made progress in stabilizing political institutions and enacting policies that promote economic growth. Foreign investment is also increasing in The Gambia, which can help create jobs and increase the economic mobility of people living in poverty.

Application:

Poverty remains a major challenge in The Gambia, where over 60% of the population lives below the poverty line. Lack of access to education, clean water and sanitation, poor infrastructure and political instability contribute to poverty in the country. The consequences of poverty in The Gambia are significant and far-reaching, including food insecurity, poor health outcomes and reduced economic mobility. However, efforts to combat poverty in The Gambia continue, including increasing access to education, improving infrastructure and promoting economic growth and stability. As these efforts continue, poverty rates in The Gambia are expected to continue to decline, improving the lives of millions of people in the country.

Entrance:

The Gambia, officially known as the Republic of The Gambia, is a small country located in West Africa. The country is famous for its winding river, beautiful beaches and diverse ecosystems. The Gambia is home to approximately two million people, many of whom depend on the environment for their survival. The country is also home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, many of which are threatened with extinction. In recent years, environmental protection has become an important issue in The Gambia as the country grapples with the effects of climate change and strives to develop a sustainable future. In this article, we will explore the environment as it relates to The Gambia, discussing the country's natural resources, environmental challenges, conservation efforts and sustainability.

Natural resources:

The Gambia is known for its natural resources which include fertile soils, various plants and animals and the Gambia River. The country's economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about 30 percent of the country's GDP and employs about two-thirds of the workforce. The Gambia River that runs through the country is also an important resource, providing water for irrigation and fishing.

The country's forests are also important natural resources, providing timber, firewood and other plant products. However, these forests are threatened by deforestation, which is driven by the need for firewood, land for agriculture and urbanization. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Gambia's forest cover declined by 41 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the country's deforestation rate is among the highest in West Africa.

Environmental challenges:

Despite its natural resources, The Gambia faces many environmental challenges that threaten its ecosystems and the livelihoods of its people. These challenges are largely due to climate change, which is causing changes in rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and increased temperatures.

One of the biggest environmental challenges facing The Gambia is coastal erosion. The country's coastline is threatened by rising sea levels, resulting in the disappearance of beaches and the displacement of coastal communities. According to a United Nations Development Program (UNDP) report, about 10 percent of the Gambian population lives in coastal areas at risk of erosion and flooding.

Another environmental challenge facing The Gambia is the unsustainable use of natural resources, such as overfishing in the country's waters. This is leading to a decline in fish populations, which are a key source of food and income for many Gambians. According to the UNDP, overfishing has led to a decline in catch rates, which have fallen by about 30 percent since the 1990s.

Protective measures:

Despite these challenges, The Gambia has made significant progress in its conservation efforts in recent years. One of the country's major conservation achievements was the creation of the Gambia River National Park, which covers an area of ​​over 10,000 square kilometers and protects the country's wildlife and ecosystems.

The country has also made efforts to protect endangered species such as the West African manatee and the chimpanzee. The Gambia has ratified international conventions such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which provide a framework for the protection of threatened species and their habitats.

The Gambia has also made progress in promoting sustainable agriculture, which includes practices that protect soil, water and biodiversity. The Gambia works with international organizations such as FAO to promote sustainable farming methods such as agroforestry and conservation agriculture to reduce deforestation and improve soil health.

Sustainable development:

The Gambia has made significant progress in promoting sustainable development, which includes balancing economic development with social and environmental issues. The country has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which provides a framework for addressing climate change through measures that promote sustainable development.

The Gambia has also made progress in promoting renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. The country has set a target of producing at least 20% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy security.

In terms of water management, The Gambia has made significant progress in improving access to clean water and sanitation. The country has achieved the Millennium Development Goal of ensuring access to clean drinking water for 88% of its population and aims to provide access to better sanitation for 50% of the population by 2025.

Application:

In summary, The Gambia is a country with a rich natural heritage, but also one that faces major environmental challenges. The country's economy is heavily dependent on agriculture and natural resources, so protecting the environment is critical to the livelihood of the country's residents.
Despite these challenges, The Gambia has made significant progress in its conservation and sustainable development efforts. By promoting sustainable agriculture, renewable energy and water management, The Gambia is taking steps towards a more sustainable future.
Moving forward, it is important that The Gambia continues to prioritize environmental protection to ensure a sustainable future for its people and the natural world around them.

Entrance

The Gambia is a West African country located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. The country covers an area of ​​about 11,300 square kilometers with a population of about 2.2 million people. The Gambia's economy is predominantly agricultural, with a significant portion of the population engaged in subsistence farming. However, over the years, the country has made significant efforts to diversify its economy and promote economic growth. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of economic development in The Gambia, highlighting the different strategies adopted by the government to promote economic development and the challenges facing this process.

Economic Development Review

The Gambia has experienced significant economic growth over the years, with significant improvements in key economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation and foreign exchange reserves. Over the past decade, the country's GDP has grown by an average of 3.8% and inflation has remained in single digits. The positive economic performance was attributed to several factors, including improved macroeconomic stability, prudent monetary policy and a favorable global environment.

However, economic growth in The Gambia has been uneven, with significant differences between urban and rural areas. While urban areas have experienced significant economic growth, rural areas - where much of the population lives - are lagging behind. Poverty still prevails in rural areas, with about 60% of the population living below the poverty line. As a result, the government has focused on promoting inclusive economic growth that benefits all sections of the population.

Economic Development Strategies in The Gambia

The Gambian government has adopted various strategies to promote economic growth and reduce poverty. These strategies include:

1. Agriculture and rural development

Agriculture is the backbone of The Gambia's economy, accounting for about 30% of GDP and employing about two-thirds of the population. The government has introduced various measures to promote rural development, including providing subsidized capital, improving rural infrastructure and promoting private sector investment.

The government has also implemented a program known as the National Agricultural Investment Plan (NAIP) to transform the sector from subsistence agriculture to a modern, commercially oriented industry. The plan includes increasing agricultural productivity, promoting value addition, increasing access to finance and improving land management.

2. Infrastructure development

The government has launched an ambitious infrastructure development program to improve the country's transport, energy and water sectors. These include building new roads, upgrading existing ones and rebuilding key transport infrastructure such as Banjul International Airport. Better infrastructure is expected to reduce the cost of doing business and provide better access to market opportunities.

The government has also invested in the energy sector, making significant investments in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. The country aims to achieve universal access to electricity by 2025 and significant progress has already been made towards this goal.

Finally, the government has also invested in water and sanitation, aiming to improve access to clean water and sanitation in both urban and rural areas.

3. Development of the private sector

The private sector plays a key role in promoting economic growth and reducing poverty in The Gambia. The government has introduced various measures to promote private sector development, including providing a favorable business environment, access to finance and support for entrepreneurship.

The government established the Gambia Investment and Export Promotion Agency (GIEPA) to promote investment in the country. The organization provides investors with information about investment opportunities, incentive programs, business processes and local regulations.

The government also introduced reforms aimed at streamlining business registration and licensing, reducing the time and cost of doing business in the country.

Challenges to Economic Development in The Gambia

Despite the government's efforts to promote economic growth, several challenges remain. They include:

1. Limited access to finance

Access to finance remains a major challenge for entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in The Gambia. This is mainly due to the limited financial infrastructure where the banking sector is dominated by foreign banks.

The lack of adequate financial infrastructure makes it difficult for entrepreneurs and SMEs to access credit. This in turn hinders growth and reduces employment opportunities.

2. Poor infrastructure

While the government has made significant investments in infrastructure development, several challenges remain. The country's road network remains inadequate and significant sections of the road network are in poor condition. This makes it difficult for businesses to transport goods and access markets.

The energy sector also faces challenges, especially in rural areas where access to electricity is still limited. This in turn limits the development of the agricultural sector, which is the main source of income for the rural population.

3. Limited human capital

The Gambia suffers from a significant shortage of skilled manpower, particularly in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). This hinders the country's ability to develop a knowledge-based economy and promote innovation.

In addition, the education system in The Gambia faces many challenges such as insufficient funding, inadequate infrastructure and a lack of qualified teachers. This limits access to quality education and makes it difficult for the country to develop a skilled workforce.

Application

In summary, economic development in The Gambia has made significant progress over the years and the government has implemented various measures to promote economic growth and reduce poverty. However, several challenges remain, including limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure and a lack of skilled manpower.

The government must continue to implement sound policies to promote private sector development, improve infrastructure and invest in education and training. These measures are necessary to promote economic growth, reduce poverty and create employment opportunities for the population.

The Gambia, officially known as the Republic of The Gambia, is a small West African country located on the Atlantic coast. It is surrounded by Senegal and is located at the confluence of the Gambia River and the Atlantic Ocean. The country is known as the 'Smiling Coast of Africa' for its friendly people and vibrant culture.

The Gambia has a population of about 2 million, with a diverse mix of ethnic groups such as the Mandinka, Fula, Wolof, Jola and Serahule. The country has a rich cultural heritage and traditional art, music and dance are an integral part of the Gambian way of life. Islamic culture also plays an important role in Gambian society, where the majority of the population is Muslim.

Challenges

Despite its rich cultural heritage, The Gambia faces many challenges that hinder its development. One of the biggest problems facing The Gambia is poverty. The country is one of the poorest in the world, with more than half of the population living below the poverty line. This has led to high levels of unemployment and a lack of basic services such as healthcare, education and clean water.

Another major challenge facing The Gambia is food insecurity. The country's population is highly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, with more than 70% of the population living in rural areas. However, the country is vulnerable to environmental shocks such as droughts, floods and desertification, which have led to food shortages and malnutrition.

In addition, the country has poor infrastructure and roads, electricity and telecommunications are inadequate in many areas. This hinders economic growth and development.

Finally, The Gambia faces political instability, with frequent coups, coup attempts and political crises. This has led to a lack of trust in the government and its institutions, which hinders investment and economic growth.

Features

Despite the challenges The Gambia faces, there are many opportunities for growth and development. One of the important opportunities for Gambia is its natural resources. The country has significant deposits of minerals such as bauxite, phosphate and titanium, as well as oil reserves. The exploitation of these resources could provide income and jobs to the country and help reduce poverty.

In addition, Gambia has significant tourism potential. With its beautiful beaches, wildlife sanctuaries and cultural heritage, the country has the potential to attract a significant number of tourists, which can generate income and employment opportunities.

The Gambia's strategic location also creates opportunities for economic development. The country is located at the crossroads of trade routes between West and North Africa, making it an ideal place for trade and investment.

Finally, the Gambian government is committed to economic reform, including improving the business environment, strengthening the rule of law and promoting private sector investment. These reforms have the potential to attract investment and stimulate economic growth.

Application

In summary, The Gambia, like many developing countries, faces several challenges that hinder its development. These include poverty, food insecurity, poor infrastructure and political instability. However, the country also has many opportunities for growth and development, including natural resources, tourism potential, strategic location and commitment to economic reform. With the right policies and investments, The Gambia can meet its challenges and reach its full potential.

1. What is the current level of literacy in The Gambia?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%

2. What is the biggest health problem in The Gambia right now?
A. Malaria
B. HIV/AIDS
C. Ebola
Δ COVID 19

3. What is The Gambia's biggest environmental challenge?
A. Water pollution
B. Wylesianie
C. Desertification
D. Air pollution

4. What is the main source of income for the Gambian economy?
A. Georgia
B. Tourism
C. Production
D. Mining

5. What is the projected GDP growth rate for The Gambia in 2021?
A'2%
B. 5%
C. 8%
D. 10%

6. What is the biggest threat to Gambia's stability?
A. Political instability
B. Economic crisis
C. Social unrest
D. Security threats from neighboring countries

7. What is the current population size of The Gambia?
A. 1 million
B. 2 million
C. 3 million
D. 4 million

8. What is the most pressing infrastructure deficit in The Gambia?
A. Roads and highways
B. Health Centers
C. Schools and Universities
D. Energy and Power

9. What is the biggest challenge facing the education system in the country?
A. Inadequate funding
B. Lack of qualified teachers
C. Poor infrastructure
D. Limited access to education

10. What is the main goal of the Gambian government's energy policy?
A. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources
B. Development of coal-fired power plants
C. Build more oil refineries
D. Development of hydropower

Answers:
1. d
2.b
3. w
4. for
5.b
6. for
7.b
8. for
9.b
10 a

Entrance:

The Gambia is a small West African country located on the Atlantic coast, surrounded on three sides by Senegal and on the other by the Atlantic Ocean. Its total area is 11,295 km2 and the population is about 2.2 million. The country has a rich cultural heritage and is considered one of the most cultural countries in the world. The Gambia is also famous for its beautiful beaches, friendly people and enchanting nature.

Main points:

1. Geography and climate:

The Gambia is a small country divided into two regions: the Upper River Region and the Lower River Region. The country is also divided into five administrative regions namely Banjul, Central River, Lower River, North Bank and Upper River. The country's coastal area is low, with sandy beaches and marshes. The Gambia has a tropical climate, with a wet and dry season. The rainy season is from June to October and the dry season is from November to May. During the dry season, temperatures reach up to 40 degrees Celsius and during the rainy season, temperatures usually range from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius.

2. Culture:

The Gambia is known for its rich cultural heritage, which is reflected in music, dance, traditional costumes and architecture. The country is home to around 16 ethnic groups, each with their own unique cultural identity. The Mandinka are the largest ethnic group in The Gambia, followed by the Fula, Wolof and Jola. Despite differences in ethnic identities, Gambians share common cultural and social experiences. The Gambia is also known for its festivals that celebrate the country's history, culture and traditions.

3. History:

The Gambia has a varied and fascinating history that spans centuries. The country was first colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century and later occupied by the British in the 18th century. The country gained independence from the British in 1965 and became a republic in 1970. The Gambia has been relatively stable politically since independence, although coups, authoritarianism and human rights abuses have increased, contributing to a worsening human rights situation. . Most recently, in December 2016, presidential elections were held in The Gambia, resulting in a peaceful transfer of power for the first time in 22 years.

4. Economy:

The Gambia is a relatively poor country whose economy is heavily dependent on agriculture. The country's main exports are peanuts, cotton and fish, and tourism is now a growing sector. The government has also taken steps to promote foreign investment and economic diversification. In addition, The Gambia is a member of various international organizations aimed at promoting economic development, including the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

5. Policy:

The Gambia is a republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. The country's political system is multi-party and the president is elected for a five-year term. The country's electoral system has recently been widely criticized as unfair and manipulated to keep the ruling party in power. Human rights abuses, corruption and authoritarianism have also been constant issues in the country's political system for the better part of 22 years. In December 2016, Gambians went to the polls to elect their president and, surprisingly, Yahya Jammeh, who had been president for 22 years, voluntarily resigned and left the country after initially refusing to accept the results in his favor. opposition. .

6. Natural resources:

The Gambia is blessed with natural resources that include forests, rivers and mineral deposits. The natural beauty of the country is a major attraction for tourists, and there are many national parks and reserves that are home to a variety of plant and animal species. The Gambia River is an important resource of the country, providing water for agriculture and supporting fisheries and tourism. In addition, Gambia plays a key role in the West African sub-region, helping to transport goods and people along the coast.

Application:

In summary, this summary highlights several key points about The Gambia, a small country in West Africa that is rich in culture, history and natural resources. The diversity of the country's peoples adds to the richness of its culture and the natural beauty of the country is one of its main attractions for tourists. However, there are still some challenges facing the country today, such as political instability, human rights issues and an economy that is still heavily dependent on agriculture. That said, The Gambia has made strides in promoting economic diversification and is a member of various regional organizations working towards the development of the whole of West Africa. Despite the challenges, The Gambia has a vibrant and resilient society with a long history of social and cultural innovation that is sure to see progress in the coming years.

Entrance

The Gambia, officially known as the Republic of The Gambia, is a small country located in West Africa. The country borders Senegal on all sides except on the west coast, where it borders the Atlantic Ocean. Despite being one of the smallest countries in Africa, The Gambia is a melting pot of different cultures, traditions and religions, making it one of the most culturally rich countries in Africa. The Gambia is also known for its stunning natural landscapes, which are home to a wealth of species of flora and fauna. With a population of around two million people, the country is developing rapidly, with an increasing emphasis on tourism and agriculture as key economic sectors. In this essay, we will explore recommendations for introduction to The Gambia, including its history, geography, culture, tourism and economic viability.

History

Gambia's history dates back to the 7th century, when the Soninke people founded the Ghana Empire, which spanned an area from Mauritania to Mali. In the 13th century, the region was under the control of the Mali Empire until the arrival of European explorers in the 15th century. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in The Gambia in the 15th century. This was followed by the British and Dutch, who entered into trade relations with local chieftains for gold, ivory and slaves.

In 1807, the British abolished the transatlantic slave trade, which led to a sharp decline in the country's economy. In 1965, The Gambia gained independence from Great Britain and in 1970 became a republic. Since becoming an independent country, it has struggled with internal strife, including military coups and political instability.

Geography

The Gambia is a narrow strip of land that stretches for about 450 kilometers from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to the eastern border with Senegal. The country has a total area of ​​about 11,295 km², making it the smallest country on the African continent. The Gambia River, 1,100 kilometers long, runs through the center of the country, dividing it into two regions. The northern area is flat and sandy, while the southern is more hilly and elevated.

The Gambia has a tropical climate, with a hot and rainy season from June to October and a dry season from November to May. The country is located close to the equator, which results in high temperatures throughout the year. Fauna in the Gambia includes various mammals such as hyenas, baboons, monkeys and antelopes, as well as many species of birds.

civilization

The Gambia is a country rich in cultural diversity. The majority of the population is Muslim, followed by Christians and traditional African religions. The Wolof, Mandinka, Fula and Jola are the main ethnic groups in the country, each with their own distinct language, customs and traditions. The official language of the country is English, but Mandinka, Wolof, Fula and Jola are also widely spoken.

The Gambia is famous for its music, with traditional drumming, dancing and singing forming an important part of its cultural heritage. The annual International Roots festival in the country is one of the most famous cultural events in the country, attracting many visitors every year. The event is a celebration of the culture, history and contributions of the Gambian African Diaspora around the world.

THE TOURISM

Interest in Gambia's tourism industry has grown in recent years. The country's stunning beaches, wildlife and rich cultural heritage have contributed to its popularity. The tourism industry has become one of the country's biggest sources of income, providing employment opportunities for many locals.

There are many attractions for tourists in Gambia such as Abuko Wildlife Sanctuary, Kachikally Crocodile Pool, Tanji Fish Market, Jufureh Village and Kunta Kinteh Island. The country's beaches are also a popular destination for tourists, with Sanyang, Kotu and Kololi beaches among the top most visited beaches.

Economic efficiency

The Gambia's economy is heavily based on agriculture, which is the largest employer in the country. The country's main cash crops include peanuts, cotton and tobacco, which are grown for export. The Gambia is also one of West Africa's leading fish producers and the fishing industry is another important component of the economy.

In addition to agriculture and fishing, the tourism industry is becoming increasingly important to the Gambian economy. The World Travel and Tourism Council has predicted that the tourism industry's share of the country's GDP will increase from 3.2% in 2016 to 7.3% by 2026. This increase is attributed to the Gambian government's investment in infrastructure development and commitment to sustainable development of the tourism industry.

recommendations

The Gambia is a country rich in culture, history and natural beauty. These recommendations will be useful for anyone who wants to visit or learn more about this country.

1. Research: Before visiting or exploring The Gambia, read and learn as much as you can about its history, culture and geography. This knowledge will enable them to understand the customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given country.

2. Respect: Gambians are friendly and hospitable to visitors, but their manners and customs must be respected. Visitors should dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites, and avoid public displays of affection.

3. Wildlife: Gambia's wildlife is a major attraction for tourists and keep in mind that these are wild animals. Visitors should respect their habitats and avoid disturbing them.

4. Travel: Transport in The Gambia is mainly by road, with an extensive network of private taxis and buses. Visitors should exercise caution when traveling, especially after dark.

5. Accommodation: A wide range of accommodation options are available to visitors, including hotels, guesthouses and cottages. It is recommended to search and book accommodation before arrival, especially during the peak tourist season.

6. Precautions: Although The Gambia is a relatively safe country, there have been cases of petty crime and visitors should take precautions such as avoiding walking alone at night, not showing cash or valuables in public and keeping important documents safe.

Application

The Gambia is a beautiful country and its rich culture, history and beautiful natural environment make it an attractive destination for tourists. The country has made significant progress in developing its tourism industry and thanks to the government's continued commitment to improving infrastructure and supporting sustainable development, it has the potential to become one of the most popular tourist destinations in Africa. To maximize the country's tourism potential, visitors should respect the locals, wildlife and customs, plan ahead and take the necessary precautions to enjoy their trip to the fullest.

Entrance

The Republic of The Gambia is a country located in West Africa. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Senegal to the north, east and south. Despite being a small country with a population of about 2.4 million, The Gambia has great potential for development in many areas. The country's economy is mainly based on agriculture, tourism and fishing. In this article, we will explore the potential for development in The Gambia, especially in the sectors of agriculture, tourism and energy.

Potential for growth in agriculture

Agriculture is the backbone of The Gambia's economy, employing over 70 percent of the country's population. Despite the sector's dominance, its contribution to GDP is only around 25%, meaning there is still room for improvement.

The Gambia has a favorable climate and fertile soils that are ideal for agriculture, especially horticulture and agricultural crops. The country grows a variety of crops, including peanuts, rice, corn, sorghum, millet, vegetables and fruits. The government has made efforts to support agriculture through lower taxes on agricultural inputs and subsidies to farmers. The country has also benefited from international aid and development initiatives.

A potential area of ​​growth in agriculture is value addition. For example, food processing, packaging and storage can improve the quality and sustainability of local crops, leading to higher prices and an increase in the sector's share of GDP. Food processing and value addition can also create employment opportunities for youth and reduce post-harvest losses.

In The Gambia, a significant number of women work in agriculture. Empowering women in agriculture could also contribute to the development of the sector. Women's empowerment strategies may include access to credit, training programs, and tools or machinery tailored to women's needs. Empowering women in agriculture could also promote gender equality and poverty reduction.

Potential for development in tourism

Tourism is a key sector of the Gambian economy, contributing about 20% of GDP. The country has a rich cultural heritage, pristine beaches and diverse wildlife that attracts visitors from all over the world. However, the industry has not reached its full potential and there is still room for growth.

There is room for diversification in Gambia's tourism sector. Most tourists visiting The Gambia are Europeans who want to escape the winter season in their home countries. The country could attract tourists from other parts of the world by highlighting other tourism potentials such as ecotourism, historical sites and cultural events. The Gambia could develop ecotourism by promoting wildlife sanctuaries and parks, green beautification projects and encouraging sustainable farming practices.

The government could also consider increasing investment in the tourism sector. For example, developing infrastructure such as transport services, accommodation facilities and ICT centers to serve visitors can attract more tourists to the country. Additionally, the government could step up marketing efforts and invest in education and training programs for the tourism industry. Such interventions will create sustainable local jobs, increase foreign income and improve the living conditions of those involved in tourism-related activities.

Potential for growth in the energy sector

The Gambia's energy sector is characterized by low levels of energy access, poor energy infrastructure and low production capacity. However, the government has made efforts to improve the energy sector by developing the national energy resource base, improving electricity transmission and distribution systems, facilitating private sector participation, and developing laws and policies that promote energy efficiency.

The Gambia has significant renewable energy potential, including solar, wind and hydropower. The country has abundant sunshine throughout the year, especially from November to May, which can produce enough solar energy to meet the country's energy needs. In addition, The Gambia has high wind speeds along its coastal sections, which can support wind power generation. Finally, The Gambia is home to several rivers that can support hydropower development.

Electrification rates in The Gambia are low, especially in rural areas where only 2 percent of people have access to electricity. The government has implemented policies and programs to improve access to electricity. For example, the National Energy Law passed in 2020 aims to increase the country's access to electricity to 60 percent by 2030. The law also prioritizes sustainable, affordable and reliable energy services for rural households and businesses.

Application

The Gambia has development potential in many areas. Agriculture offers opportunities for value addition, women's empowerment and poverty reduction. The tourism industry has the opportunity to diversify into ecotourism, historical sites and cultural events. In addition, the energy sector could use renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower to improve access to energy and promote sustainable development. We hope that the Gambian government and its development partners will support the development of these sectors for the benefit of the country and its people.

Entrance

The Gambia is a small West African country surrounded by Senegal, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, known for its beautiful beaches and tourist attractions. The country has a rich culture and history, with diverse ethnic groups and religions, and a thriving music industry. The Gambia has many natural resources such as forests, rivers, wildlife and marine life, which makes it an ideal destination for adventure tourism. The charm of The Gambia lies in its variety of attractions, ranging from beautiful beaches, lush landscape and the friendliness of its people.

Tourist attractions

The Gambia is famous for its huge freshwater streams, beautiful beaches and nature reserves. One of the most popular tourist attractions is the Gambia River, which is used for fishing and transportation. The Gambia River is one of the major rivers in West Africa and serves as the dividing line between Senegal and The Gambia. The Bakau Crocodile Pool is another popular tourist attraction, known for its vibrancy as it is home to many crocodiles that are not caged.

One of the most beautiful natural attractions in The Gambia is the Abuko Wildlife Sanctuary, which is a great place for bird watching and exploring the country's lush green vegetation. The sanctuary covers an area of ​​105 hectares and is home to over 300 species of birds, including kingfishers, hornbills and African hawks. Another popular natural attraction is the Kachikally Crocodile Pool, which is located in Bakau. The Crocodile Pool is a place where tourists can interact with crocodiles and learn about the culture and traditions of the Gambian people.

Tanji fishing village is a great place for tourists who want to experience the traditional Gambian way of life. Tanji is home to many fishing boats and is where fishermen bring in their catch every day. Tourists can watch people process the fish, salt it and sell it in the local market. The city is also known for its beautiful beaches.

civilization

The Gambia has a rich cultural heritage and its people are known for their friendliness, hospitality and warmth. The country has several ethnic groups, with the largest being the Madinka. Gambian culture is family and communal, and its people are known for their traditional dances and music that uses drums and other instruments. Gambian traditional music is a fusion of many different styles, such as reggae, afrobeat and roots music.

One of the most popular festivals in The Gambia is the Bakau Fishermen Festival, which takes place every October. The festival brings together fishermen from different parts of the country who showcase their fishing skills and compete for prizes. There are also cultural, musical and dance performances and the festival is a great opportunity for tourists to experience Gambian culture.

Food

Gambian food is a combination of African and European cuisine, with rice being the most common staple food. The national dish is benachin or "one-pot", which is a rice dish cooked with meat or fish and vegetables, served with a spicy sauce. Other popular dishes include yassa, which is a spicy chicken or fish dish, and domoda, which is a peanut butter soup with meat or fish.

The Gambia is a great place to try fresh seafood as there are many fishing villages along the coast. Grilled fish is a popular dish, especially red snapper and barracuda. Local markets in The Gambia are also a great place to try traditional food, including street food.

People

Gambians are known for their friendliness and hospitality, and visitors experience this hospitality from the moment they arrive in the country. Gambians are friendly and welcoming and are always willing to help visitors discover their country. The official language of the country is English, but most people speak the local language, Mandinka.

Gambians have a strong sense of community and family, which is reflected in their culture and way of life. The family is the cornerstone of Gambian society and it is common for extended families to live together. The people are also very religious and most are Muslim.

Application

Overall, The Gambia is a great destination for tourists who want to experience West African culture and lifestyle. The charm of The Gambia lies in its natural beauty, diverse culture and the friendliness of its people. With beautiful beaches, nature reserves and traditional villages, The Gambia is an excellent destination for adventure tourism. Moreover, its rich cultural heritage, music and dance make it an ideal destination for cultural tourism. With great food, beaches and welcoming people, The Gambia is a great place to experience West African culture.

1. What is the official language in The Gambia?
French
B) English
C) Spanish
D) Portuguese

2. What is the official currency of The Gambia?
A) US dollar
B) Euro
Γ) Dalasi z Gambii
D) British pound

3. Which of the following ethnic groups is the largest in The Gambia?
A) Madinka
B) Fula
C) Woolf
D) Beautiful

4. What is the capital of Gambia?
A) The film
B) Dakar
C) Acc
D) Hare

5. What is the main religion in The Gambia?
A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Islam
D) Judaism

6. Which of the following dishes is popular in Gambia?
pizza
B) Sushi
Γ) Domoda
D) Tacos

7. Which river flows through the Gambia?
A) Congo River
B) Zero
C) Niger River
D) River Gambia

8. Which industry contributes the most to the Gambia's economy?
A) Agriculture
B) Fishing
C) Production
D) Tourism

Answers:
1. B) English
2. Γ) Dalasi z Gambii
3. A) Madinka
4. A) The film
5. C) Islam
6. Γ) Domoda
7. D) River Gambia
8. A) Agriculture